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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 17(4)

Assessing the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio’s ability to map burn severity in the boreal forest and tundra ecosystems of Alaska’s national parks

Jennifer L. Allen A C and Brian Sorbel B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A National Park Service, Fairbanks Administrative Office, 4175 Geist Road, Fairbanks, AK 99709, USA.

B National Park Service, Alaska Regional Office, 240 W 5th Avenue, Anchorage, AK 99501, USA.

C Corresponding author. Email: jennifer_allen@nps.gov

International Journal of Wildland Fire 17(4) 463-475 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF08034
Submitted: 26 February 2008  Accepted: 17 March 2008   Published: 6 August 2008

Abstract

Burn severity strongly influences post-fire vegetation succession, soil erosion, and wildlife populations in the fire-adapted boreal forest and tundra ecosystems of Alaska. Therefore, satellite-derived maps of burn severity in the remote Alaskan landscape are a useful tool in both fire and resource management practices. To assess satellite-derived measures of burn severity in Alaska we calculated the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) from pre- and post-fire Landsat TM/ETM+ data. We established 289 composite burn index (CBI) plots in or near four national park areas between 2001 and 2003 in order to compare ground-based measurements of burn severity with satellite-derived values of burn severity. Within the diverse vegetation types measured, a strong linear relationship between a differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) and CBI for eight out of the nine fire assessments was found; R2 values ranged from 0.45 to 0.88. The variations in severity among four pre-fire vegetation types were examined and a significant difference in the average dNBR and average CBI values among the vegetation types was found. Black spruce forests overall had the strongest relationship with dNBR, while the high severity white spruce forests had the poorest fit with dNBR. Deciduous forests and tall shrub plots had the lowest average remotely sensed burn severity (dNBR), but not the lowest ground severity among the vegetation types sampled. The tundra vegetation sampled had the lowest ground severity. Finally, a significant difference was detected between initial and extended assessments of dNBR in tundra vegetation types. The results indicated that the dNBR can be used as an effective means to map burn severity in boreal forest and tundra ecosystems for the climatic conditions and fire types that occurred in our study sites.

Additional keywords: dNBR, Landsat, Picea, remote sensing, wildland fire.


Acknowledgements

Thanks to the staff of the National Park Service Eastern and Western Alaska Area Fire Management Programs for their assistance in collecting burn severity plot information. Special thanks go to Marsha Henderson, Larry Weddle, and Ken Adkisson for their valuable assistance with project planning and field work logistics. We also thank the Doyon Native Corporation for granting access to land within the boundary of Yukon–Charley Rivers National Preserve and the State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources for granting access to land burned by the Milepost 85 fire. Thanks to Karen Murphy with the US Fish and Wildlife Service and Jennifer Hrobak with the Bureau of Land Management for their assistance in fieldwork on the Milepost 85 fire. The authors thank the staff at the USGS EROS Data Center, particularly Stephen Howard, Don Ohlen, and Kari Pabst, for completing all scene acquisition and image processing work. Also, thanks to Carl Key and Nate Benson for all their assistance. Finally, the authors wish to recognise Brad Cella for his leadership, guidance and constant support.


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