Register      Login
Animal Production Science Animal Production Science Society
Food, fibre and pharmaceuticals from animals
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Nutritive value of wheat concentrated distillers solubles in diets for growing pigs

P. Rosenfelder A , M. Eklund A , H. K. Spindler A , U. Messerschmidt A , C. Potthast B and R. Mosenthin A C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Strasse 10, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.

B Südzucker AG Mannheim/Ochsenfurt, Marktbreiter Strasse 74, 97199 Ochsenfurt, Germany.

C Corresponding author. Email: rainer.mosenthin@uni-hohenheim.de

Animal Production Science 55(6) 729-735 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN14169
Submitted: 11 October 2013  Accepted: 17 May 2014   Published: 30 September 2014

Abstract

Two experiments (Exp.) were conducted to determine the nutritive value of wheat-derived wet concentrated distillers solubles (CDS) for growing pigs. In Exp. 1, standardised ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) was determined by the difference method, using six ileally cannulated barrows (initial bodyweight (BW) of 31 ± 2.9 kg). The pigs were fed a casein-corn starch-based diet supplemented with wheat CDS so that about half of the crude protein (CP) originated from either wheat CDS or from casein. In Exp. 2, 12 barrows with an initial BW of 17 ± 0.9 kg were used to determine digestible energy (DE) content, and to calculate metabolisable energy (ME) and net energy (NE) content of wheat CDS. Animals were fed either a casein-corn starch-based basal diet or a CDS diet containing 470 g/kg of the basal diet and 530 g/kg wheat CDS on a dry matter (DM) basis. Values of SID of CP and AA in Exp. 1 amounted to 85, 74, 83 and 70% for CP, lysine, methionine and threonine, respectively. The DE, ME and NE contents of wheat CDS were 16.8, 15.8 and 11.1 MJ/kg DM, respectively. It can be concluded that SID of CP and AA and also the energy content in wheat CDS are substantially higher than corresponding values reported in international tables with information on nutritional value of dried co-products of bioethanol production.

Additional keywords: animal nutrition, digestibility, grain supplements.


References

AOAC (2000) ‘Official methods of analysis of AOAC International.’ 17th edn. (AOAC International: Gaithersburg, MD)

Avelar E, Jha R, Beltranena E, Cervantes M, Morales A, Zijlstra RT (2010) Short communication: the effect of feeding wheat distillers dried grain with solubles on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 160, 73–77.
Short communication: the effect of feeding wheat distillers dried grain with solubles on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtV2itLjF&md5=6d0a45999d25e161bd919654cfd47c8fCAS |

Banse M, van Meijl H, Tabeau A, Woltjer G (2008) Will EU biofuel policies affect global agricultural markets? European Review of Agriculture Economics 35, 117–141.
Will EU biofuel policies affect global agricultural markets?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Belyea RL, Rausch KD, Tumbleson ME (2004) Composition of corn and distillers dried grains with solubles from dry grind ethanol processing. Bioresource Technology 94, 293–298.
Composition of corn and distillers dried grains with solubles from dry grind ethanol processing.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXks1Gmtbw%3D&md5=81bc1d4a55014b929e1c13279de4f7b2CAS | 15182836PubMed |

Bergner H, Simon O, Zimmer M (1975) Einfluß des Gehaltes nativer Rohfaser in Diäten von Ratten auf die Aminosäurenresorption. Archiv für Tierernaehrung 25, 95–104.
Einfluß des Gehaltes nativer Rohfaser in Diäten von Ratten auf die Aminosäurenresorption.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE2MXkslOnsb0%3D&md5=851a7a381a58df203173a4893fa03d89CAS |

Brandt M, Allam SM (1987) Analytik von TiO2 im Darminhalt und Kot nach Kjeldahlaufschluss. Archives of Animal Nutrition 37, 453–454.

Buckner CD, Wilken MF, Benton JR, Vanness SJ, Bremer VR, Klopfenstein TJ, Kononoff PJ, Erickson GE (2011) Nutrient variability for distillers grains plus solubles and dry matter determination of ethanol by-products. The Professional Animal Scientist 27, 57–64.

Commission Directive 2000/45 EC (2000) Establishing community methods of analysis for the determination of vitamin A, vitamin E and tryptophan in feedingstuffs. Annex part C. Determination of Tryptophan. Official Journal of the European Communities L174, 32–50.

Commission Directive 86/609/EC (1986) European Communities Council Directive of 24 November 1986 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the member states regarding the protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes. L358, pp. 1–28.

Commission Directive 98/64/EC (1998) Establishing community methods of analysis for the determination of amino acids, crude oils and fats, and olaquindox in feedingstuffs and amending, Directive 71/393/EEC. Annex part A. Determination of Amino Acids. Official Journal of the European Communities L257, 16–28.

Cozannet P, Primot Y, Gady C, Métayer JP, Callu P, Lessire M, Skiba F, Noblet J (2010a) Ileal digestibility of amino acids in wheat distillers dried grains with solubles for pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 158, 177–186.
Ileal digestibility of amino acids in wheat distillers dried grains with solubles for pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXmvVSrs74%3D&md5=e1a4dcdc4c0776fb77e4b058d7502964CAS |

Cozannet P, Primot Y, Gady C, Métayer JP, Lessire M, Skiba F, Noblet J (2010b) Energy value of wheat distillers grains with solubles for growing pigs and adult sows. Journal of Animal Science 88, 2382–2392.
Energy value of wheat distillers grains with solubles for growing pigs and adult sows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXos1Kmsbc%3D&md5=3511d054a258dbde6889e847cb6fb4f6CAS | 20228235PubMed |

Cromwell GL, Azain MJ, Adeola O, Baidoo SK, Carter SD, Crenshaw TD, Kim SW, Mahan DC, Miller PS, Shannon MC (2011) Corn distillers dried grains with solubles in diets for growing-finishing pigs: a cooperative study. Journal of Animal Science 89, 2801–2811.
Corn distillers dried grains with solubles in diets for growing-finishing pigs: a cooperative study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtFWqtrnP&md5=eb838febc79dd03ffd945b05f69e665aCAS | 21454866PubMed |

CVB (Central Veevoederbureau) (2003) ‘Veevoedertabel (Feed ingredient table).’ (Centraal Veevoederbureau: Lelystad, the Netherlands)

Evonik Degussa (2010) ‘AminoDat® 4.0: Amino acid composition of feedstuffs.’ (Evonik Degussa GmbH: Hanau, Germany)

Fan MZ, Sauer WC, Hardin RT, Lien KA (1994) Determination of apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in pigs: effect of dietary amino acid level. Journal of Animal Science 72, 2851–2859.

Ganesan V, Rosentrater KA, Muthukumarappan K (2006) Methodology to determine soluble content in dry grind ethanol coproduct streams. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 22, 899–903.
Methodology to determine soluble content in dry grind ethanol coproduct streams.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Garcia AD (2005) Preservation and feeding of wet distillers grains to dairy cattle. 66th Minnesota Nutrition Conference, St Paul, MN. Sep. 20–21, 2005. Available at http://www.ddgs.umn.edu/prod/groups/cfans/@pub/@cfans/@ansci/documents/asset/cfans_asset_416586.pdf [Accessed 1 October 2013]

González-Vega JC, Kim BG, Htoo JK, Lemme A, Stein HH (2011) Amino acid digestibility in heated soybean meal fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 89, 3617–3625.
Amino acid digestibility in heated soybean meal fed to growing pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21742940PubMed |

Howard P, Mahoney RR, Wilder T (1986) Binding of amino acids by dietary fibers and wheat bran. Nutrition Reports International 34, 135–140.

Jezierny D, Mosenthin R, Sauer N, Roth S, Piepho H-P, Rademacher M, Eklund M (2011) Chemical composition and standardised ileal digestibilities of crude protein and amino acids in grain legumes for growing pigs. Livestock Production Science 138, 229–243.
Chemical composition and standardised ileal digestibilities of crude protein and amino acids in grain legumes for growing pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Klopfenstein T (1996) Distillers grains as an energy source and effect of drying on protein availability. Animal Feed Science and Technology 60, 201–207.
Distillers grains as an energy source and effect of drying on protein availability.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Lan Y, Opapeju FO, Nyachoti CM (2008) True ileal protein and amino acid digestibilities in wheat dried distillers’ grains with solubles fed to finishing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 140, 155–163.
True ileal protein and amino acid digestibilities in wheat dried distillers’ grains with solubles fed to finishing pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsVOru7bJ&md5=f6b5a73dca580463393dfc82f0f64772CAS |

Lardy G (2007) ‘Feeding coproducts of the ethanol industry to beef cattle’. NDSU Extension Service, North Dakota State University AS-1242 (Revised). Available at http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ansci/beef/as1242.pdf [Accessed 02 October 2013]

Larson EM, Stock RA, Klopfenstein TJ, Sindt MH, Huffman RP (1993) Feeding value of wet distillers byproducts for finishing ruminants. Journal of Animal Science 71, 2228–2236.

Lasek O, Barteczko J, Augustyn R, Smulikowska S, Borowiec F (2011) Nutritional and energy value of wheat cultivars for broiler chickens. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 20, 246–258.

Li S, Sauer WC, Fan MZ (1993) The effect of dietary crude protein level on ileal and fecal amino acid digestibility in early-weaned pigs. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 70, 117–128.
The effect of dietary crude protein level on ileal and fecal amino acid digestibility in early-weaned pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Licitra G, Hernandez TM, Van Soest PJ (1996) Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology 57, 347–358.
Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Llames CR, Fontaine J (1994) Determination of amino acids in feeds: collaborative study. Journal – Association of Official Analytical Chemists 77, 1362–1402.

Moreno R, Miller PS, Burkey TE, Anderson MW, Perkins JM, McClure DR, McGargill TE (2009) Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and Paylean® supplementation on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs. Nebraska Swine Report 236, 11–14.

Moughan PJ, Rutherfurd SM (1996) A new method for determining digestible reactive lysine in foods. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 44, 2202–2209.
A new method for determining digestible reactive lysine in foods.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XksV2gurk%3D&md5=fb37d021b8b786177d859aaed7d305dbCAS |

Naumann, C, Bassler, R (1976) Verband Deutscher Landwirtschaftlicher Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalten. Methodenbuch Band III. ‘Die Chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln.’ Mit Ergänzungslieferungen 1983, 1988, 1993, 1997, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2012. (VDLUFA-Verlag: Darmstadt, Germany)

Noblet J, van Milgen J (2004) Energy value of pig feeds: effect of pig body weight and energy evaluation system. Journal of Animal Science 82, E229–E238.

Noblet J, Fortune H, Dubois S, Henry Y (1989) Nouvelles bases d’estimation des teneurs en energie digestible, métabolisable et nette des aliments pour le porc. (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique: Paris, France)

Noblet J, Fortune H, Shi XS, Dubois S (1994) Prediction of net energy value of feeds for growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 72, 344–354.

LUFA Nord-West (2007) Methode LUFA Nord-West 1/3A–047, akkreditierte Hausmethode. (LUFA Nord-West, Institut für Futtermittel: Oldenburg, Germany)

National Research Council (1998) ‘Nutrient requirements of swine’, 10th rev. edn. (National Academy Press: Washington, DC)

National Research Council (2012) ‘Nutrient requirements of swine’, 11th rev. edn. (National Academy Press: Washington, DC)

Nyachoti CM, House JD, Slominski BA, Seddon IR (2005) Energy and nutrient digestibilities in wheat dried distillers’ grains with solubles fed to growing pigs. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 85, 2581–2586.
Energy and nutrient digestibilities in wheat dried distillers’ grains with solubles fed to growing pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1Grt7%2FK&md5=03544ef7e0c05ffb6012cfd34987e004CAS |

Pahm AA, Pedersen C, Stein HH (2008) Application of the reactive lysine procedure to estimate lysine digestiblity in distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56, 9441–9446.
Application of the reactive lysine procedure to estimate lysine digestiblity in distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtFOhsr%2FN&md5=fe6c425b75ef6a9c4459afe658de7298CAS | 18817414PubMed |

Partanen KH, Mroz Z (1999) Organic acids for performance enhancement in pig diets. Nutrition Research Reviews 12, 117–145.
Organic acids for performance enhancement in pig diets.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlvVKgsLk%3D&md5=126fc228ba817b158309b11c2dfec92cCAS | 19087448PubMed |

Pedersen C, Lindberg JE (2010) Ileal and total tract nutrient digestibility in wheat wet distillers solubles and wheat dried distillers grains with solubles when fed to growing pigs. Livestock Production Science 132, 145–151.
Ileal and total tract nutrient digestibility in wheat wet distillers solubles and wheat dried distillers grains with solubles when fed to growing pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Pedersen C, Jonsson H, Lindberg JE, Roos S (2004) Microbiological characterization of wet wheat distillers’ grain, with focus on isolation of lactobacilli with potential as probiotics. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, 1522–1527.
Microbiological characterization of wet wheat distillers’ grain, with focus on isolation of lactobacilli with potential as probiotics.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXisVKju7c%3D&md5=7f342cd1edf682684662411f70a2bcffCAS | 15006774PubMed |

Rosenfelder P, Eklund M, Mosenthin R (2013) Nutritive value of wheat and wheat by-products in pig nutrition: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology 185, 107–125.
Nutritive value of wheat and wheat by-products in pig nutrition: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXht12isbfK&md5=25bf40b2325f6ab9ee380eaaa01a4eadCAS |

SAS (2003) ‘SAS user’s guide: statistics. Version 9.1.’ (SAS Institute Inc.: Cary, NC)

Scholten RHJ, van der Peet-Schwering CMC, Verstegen MWA, den Hartog LA, Schrama JW, Vesseur PC (1999) Fermented co-products and fermented compound diets for pigs: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology 82, 1–19.
Fermented co-products and fermented compound diets for pigs: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXntlegur8%3D&md5=10d969fa13db5b4fd7809cd9a0c99463CAS |

Stein HH, Gibson ML, Pedersen C, Boersma MG (2006) Amino acid and energy digestibility in ten samples of distillers dried grain with solubles fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 84, 853–860.

Widyaratne GP, Zijlstra RT (2007) Nutritional value of wheat and corn distiller’s dried grain with solubles: Digestibility and digestible contents of energy, amino acids and phosphorus, nutrient excretion and growth performance of grower-finisher pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 87, 103–114.
Nutritional value of wheat and corn distiller’s dried grain with solubles: Digestibility and digestible contents of energy, amino acids and phosphorus, nutrient excretion and growth performance of grower-finisher pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXmtlSmu78%3D&md5=ae2f5eff0a2713feef5826faab7d7579CAS |