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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 48(12)

The changing status of invertebrate pests and the future of pest management in the Australian grains industry

Ary A. Hoffmann A D , Andrew R. Weeks B , Michael A. Nash A , G. Peter Mangano C and Paul A. Umina A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research (CESAR), Bio21 Molecular Science Institute, Department of Zoology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia.

B CESAR, Bio21 Molecular Science Institute, Department of Genetics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia.

C Western Australian Department of Agriculture and Food, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia.

D Corresponding author. Email: ary@unimelb.edu.au

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48(12) 1481-1493 https://doi.org/10.1071/EA08185
Submitted: 17 June 2008  Accepted: 22 August 2008   Published: 6 November 2008

Abstract

The Australian grains industry is dealing with a shifting complex of invertebrate pests due to evolving management practices and climate change as indicated by an assessment of pest reports over the last 20–30 years. A comparison of pest outbreak reports from the early 1980s to 2006–07 from south-eastern Australia highlights a decrease in the importance of pea weevils and armyworms, while the lucerne flea, Balaustium mites, blue oat mites and Bryobia mites have increased in prominence. In Western Australia, where detailed outbreak records are available from the mid 1990s, the relative incidence of armyworms, aphids and vegetable weevils has recently decreased, while the incidence of pasture cockchafers, Balaustium mites, blue oat mites, redlegged earth mites, the lucerne flea and snails has increased. These changes are the result of several possible drivers. Patterns of pesticide use, farm management responses and changing cropping patterns are likely to have contributed to these shifts. Drier conditions, exacerbated by climate change, have potentially reduced the build-up of migratory species from inland Australia and increased the adoption rate of minimum and no-tillage systems in order to retain soil moisture. The latter has been accompanied by increased pesticide use, accelerating selection pressures for resistance. Other control options will become available once there is an understanding of interactions between pests and beneficial species within a landscape context and a wider choice of ‘softer’ chemicals. Future climate change will directly and indirectly influence pest distributions and outbreaks as well as the potential effectiveness of endemic natural enemies. Genetically modified crops provide new options for control but also present challenges as new pest species are likely to emerge.


Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Peter Ridland for providing access to pest bulletins from the Victorian Department of Primary Industries, Garry McDonald for discussions and two anonymous reviewers for comments. Thanks to Paul Mitrovksi, Emily Thomson and Dusty Severtson for technical assistance. Our research on pest and beneficial species in broadacre agriculture is supported by the Grains Research and Development Corporation including the National Invertebrate Pest Initiative, while Ary A. Hoffmann is supported by a Federation Fellowship from the Australian Research Council.


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