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RESEARCH ARTICLE

From domestication syndrome to breeding objective: insights into unwanted breakup in common beans to improve shattering

Parvaze A. Sofi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8283-5420 A * , Rakeeb Ahmad Mir B , Kaisar Ahmad Bhat C , R. R. Mir A , Samreen Fatima A , Sujeela Rani A , Reetika Mahajan C , Sadiah Shafi A , Aaqif Zaffar A , Rayees Ahmad A , M. Ashraf Bhat C and Sajad Majeed Zargar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6649-9447 C *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Wadura 193201, Maharashtra, India.

B Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir 191201, India.

C Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Kashmir 190025, India.


Handling Editor: Mohd. Kamran Khan

Crop & Pasture Science - https://doi.org/10.1071/CP22130
Submitted: 12 April 2022  Accepted: 8 June 2022   Published online: 19 July 2022

© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing

Abstract

Context: Agronomical traits like loss of seed dispersal targeted by ancient human selection are an important milestone of crop domestication. Evolution in plant species is a result of natural and human selection at the time of domestication. Evolution leads to continued improvement of adaptive traits in almost all plant species.

Aims: Pod shattering, one of the examples of convergent evolution, is defined as breaking up of the pod shell enabling the successful dispersal of seeds mainly in wild species. Since the available climate change models predict an increase in aridity, it is expected that the losses on account of shattering will be aggravated, especially in dry areas.

Methods: Histological studies and biochemical parameters are increasingly used as surrogates for pod shattering response as they provide key inputs for selecting contrasting genotypes based on differential lignification, role of pectin, fibre, cellulose and total carbohydrate content as well as enzymes such as endopolygalacturonase and β-glucanase and hormones.

Key results: There is diversity for level of shattering, with race Nueva Granada showing higher rates of pod shattering as compared to the Durango and Jalisco races. Genomics has helped identify several genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) such as PDH-1, St-1, SHAT-1, WRKY1 and MYB26 that are implicated in various traits related to pod shattering.

Conclusions: Plant breeders need to introgress shattering resistance into commercial varieties to mitigate the imminent yield losses.

Implications: This requires an in-depth knowledge of mechanistic, physiological, biochemical and the underlying genetic basis of pod shattering resistance.

Keywords: bundle cap, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), convergent evolution, crop domestication, lignification, pod shattering, Quantitative trait loci, seed dispersal.


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