Register      Login
Crop and Pasture Science Crop and Pasture Science Society
Plant sciences, sustainable farming systems and food quality
Shopping Cart: ( empty )
You are here: Home > Journals > CP > CP22322
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 74(11)

Salinity, alkalinity and their combined stress effects on germination and seedling growth attributes in oats (Avena sativa)

Shahid Ahmed A , Richa Patel A , Rajesh Kumar Singhal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2685-6299 A * , Neeraj Kumar A B , Maneet Rana A , Indu I A , Subhash Chand A and Amaresh Chandra A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, U.P. 28403, India.

B ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.

* Correspondence to: rajasinghal151@gmail.com

Handling Editor: Zed Rengel

Crop & Pasture Science - https://doi.org/10.1071/CP22322
Submitted: 29 August 2022  Accepted: 18 August 2023   Published online: 8 September 2023

© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing

Abstract

Context

Under natural field conditions, plants confront the co-occurrence of stresses. A comprehensive insight into combined-stress tolerance is requisite to developing stress resilience in cultivars of oats (Avena sativa L.) for saline–alkaline soil.

Aims

This study was undertaken to characterise diverse oat genotypes for seedling growth attributes under two saline and alkaline concentrations and under combined saline–alkaline conditions.

Methods

We screened 105 accessions of the genus Avena with the following treatments: control, reverse osmosis water; moderate salinity (50 mM); high salinity (100 mM); moderate alkalinity (15 mM); high alkalinity (30 mM); combined moderate salinity–alkalinity (50 mM + 15 mM); and combined high salinity–alkalinity (100 mM + 30 mM). For saline treatments, NaCl and Na2SO4 salts were used in equimolar concentrations, and for alkaline treatments, NaHCO3 and Na2CO3.

Key results

Analysis of variance showed significant (P ≤ 0.001) variation among treatments and genotypes. Principal component analysis revealed 83.3% of the total genetic variation accounted for in the first two principal components. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between final germination percentage and seedling vigour index. Stress tolerance index identified tolerant and sensitive oat genotypes under high saline and alkaline stress, and multi-trait stability analysis confirmed the stability of performance of some genotypes under the imposed treatments.

Conclusions

According to the stress tolerance index and multi-trait stability analysis, genotypes IG-20-477, OS-377, IG-20-798 and IG-20-575 were found suitable for high saline–alkaline stress.

Implications

The identified tolerant oat genotypes can be used as donors for the development of stress-resilient oat cultivars, and for generating mapping populations in oat.

Keywords: combined stress, multi-trait stability, oat genotypes, seed germination, seedling growth, seedling vigour, stress tolerance index.

References

Ahmad P, Ozturk M, Sharma S, Gucel S (2014) Effect of sodium carbonate-induced salinity–alkalinity on some key osmoprotectants, protein profile, antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxidation in two mulberry (Morus alba L.) cultivars. Journal of Plant Interactions 9, 460-467.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Al-Mudaris MA (1998) Notes on various parameters recording the speed of seed germination. Der Tropenlandwirt-Journal of Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics 99, 147-154.
| Google Scholar |

Ashraf MY, Akhtar K, Hussain F, Iqbal J (2006) Screening of different accessions of three potential grass species from Cholistan desert for salt tolerance. Pakistan Journal of Botany 38(5), 1589-1597.
| Google Scholar |

Bai J, Yan W, Wang Y, Yin Q, Liu J, Wight C, Ma B (2018) Screening oat genotypes for tolerance to salinity and alkalinity. Frontiers in Plant Science 9, 1302.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Butcher K, Wick AF, DeSutter T, Chatterjee A, Harmon J (2016) Soil salinity: a threat to global food security. Agronomy Journal 108, 2189-2200.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Chand S, Indu B, Chauhan J, Kumar B, Kumar V, Dey P, Mishra UN, Sahu C, Singhal RK (2022) Plant–environment interaction in developing crop species resilient to climate change. In ‘Plant abiotic stress physiology’. (Eds T Aftab, KR Hakeem) pp. 1–24. (Apple Academic Press: Palm Bay, FL, USA)

Chaudhry S, Sidhu GPS (2022) Climate change regulated abiotic stress mechanisms in plants: a comprehensive review. Plant Cell Reports 41, 1-31.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Clark RB, Baligar VC (2000) Acidic and alkaline soil constraints on plant mineral nutrition. In ‘Plant-environment interactions’. (Ed. RE Wilkinson) pp. 133–177. (Marcel Dekker: New York, NY, USA)

Corwin DL (2021) Climate change impacts on soil salinity in agricultural areas. European Journal of Soil Science 72(2), 842-862.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Du Y, Zhang Y, Shi J (2019) Relationship between sea surface salinity and ocean circulation and climate change. Science China Earth Sciences 62(5), 771-782.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

EL Sabagh A, Islam MS, Skalicky M, Ali Raza M, Singh K, Anwar Hossain M, Hossain A, Mahboob W, Iqbal MA, Ratnasekera D, Singhal RK, Ahmed S, Kumari A, Wasaya A, Sytar O, Brestic M, ÇIG F, Erman M, Habib Ur Rahman M, Ullah N, Arshad A (2021) Salinity stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the changing climate: adaptation and management strategies. Frontiers in Agronomy 3, 661932.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Forster BP, Russell JR, Ellis RP, Handley LL, Robinson D, Hackett CA, et al. (1997) Locating genotypes and genes for abiotic stress tolerance in barley: a strategy using maps, markers and the wild species. New Phytologist 137, 141-147.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Gao Z, Han J, Mu C, Lin J, Li X, Lin L, Sun S (2014) Effects of saline and alkaline stresses on growth and physiological changes in oat (Avena sativa L.) seedlings. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 42, 357-362.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Goodi M, Sharifzadeh F (2006) Evaluation effect of hydropriming in barley difference cultivars. Magzine Biaban 11, 99-109.
| Google Scholar |

Güngör H, Çıkılı Y, Dumlupınar Z (2021) Screening of oat varieties and landraces at early vegetative stage under salt stress conditions: morpho-physiological and PCA biplot analysis. Cereal Research Communications 49, 587-597.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Guo R, Shi L, Ding X, Hu Y, Tian S, Yan D, Yang Y (2010) Effects of saline and alkaline stress on germination, seedling growth, and ion balance in wheat. Agronomy Journal 102, 1252-1260.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Hu L, Zhang P, Jiang Y, Fu J (2015) Metabolomic analysis revealed differential adaptation to salinity and alkalinity stress in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis). Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 33, 56-68.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Javid M, Ford R, Norton RM, Nicolas ME (2014) Sodium and boron exclusion in two Brassica juncea cultivars exposed to the combined treatments of salinity and boron at moderate alkalinity. Biologia 69, 1157-1163.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Keller J, Keller A, Davids G (1998) River basin development phases and implications of closure. Journal of Applied Irrigation Science 33, 145-163.
| Google Scholar |

Krattinger SG, Keller B (2022) Oat genome – sequence of a superfood. Nature Plants 8(6), 602-603.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Kumar P, Sharma PK (2020) Soil salinity and food security in India. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 4, 533781.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Kumar N, Anuragi H, Rana M, Priyadarshini P, Singhal R, Chand S, Sood VK, Singh S, Ahmed S (2021) Elucidating morpho-anatomical, physio-biochemical and molecular mechanism imparting salinity tolerance in oats (Avena sativa). Plant Breeding 140, 835-850.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Kumari A, Sharma B, Singh BN, Hidangmayum A, Jatav HS, Chandra K, Singhal RK, Sathyanarayana E, Patra A, Mohapatra KK (2022) Physiological mechanisms and adaptation strategies of plants under nutrient deficiency and toxicity conditions. In ‘Plant perspectives to global climate changes’. (Eds T Aftab, A Roychoudhury) pp. 173–194. (Academic Press: Cambridge, MA, USA)

Lamichhane JR, Debaeke P, Steinberg C, You MP, Barbetti MJ, Aubertot J-N (2018) Abiotic and biotic factors affecting crop seed germination and seedling emergence: a conceptual framework. Plant and Soil 432, 1-28.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Latta RG, Bekele WA, Wight CP, Tinker NA (2019) Comparative linkage mapping of diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid Avena species suggests extensive chromosome rearrangement in ancestral diploids. Scientific Reports 9(1), 12298.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Lin J, Li X, Zhang Z, Yu X, Gao Z, Wang Y, et al. (2012) Salinity-alkalinity tolerance in wheat: seed germination, early seedling growth, ion relations and solute accumulation. African Journal of Agricultural Research 7, 467-474.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Liu Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Cui J, Chen G, Xie B, et al. (2014) Synergistic and antagonistic effects of salinity and pH on germination in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). PLoS ONE 9, e85282.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Liu L, Han G, Nagaoka T, Saneoka H (2020) A comparative study of the growth and physiological parameters of two oat (Avena sativa L.) lines under salinity stress. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 66(6), 847-853.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

López JR, Tamang BG, Monnens DM, Smith KP, Sadok W (2022) Canopy cooling traits associated with yield performance in heat-stressed oat. European Journal of Agronomy 139, 126555.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Malzew AI (1930) ‘Wild and cultivated oats, Sectio Euavena Griseb.’ (All-Union Institute of Applied Botany and New Cultures under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR)

Mu Y, Lin J, Mu C, Gao Z (2015) Effects of NaCl stress on the growth and physiological changes in oat (Avena sativa) seedlings. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 43, 468-472.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Mut Z, Akay H, Aydin N (2010) Effects of seed size and drought stress on germination and seedling growth of some oat genotypes (Avena sativa L.). African Journal of Agricultural Research 5, 1101-1107.
| Google Scholar |

Negrão S, Schmöckel SM, Tester M (2017) Evaluating physiological responses of plants to salinity stress. Annals of Botany 119(1), 1-11.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Olivoto T, Lúcio ADC, da Silva JAG, Sari BG, Diel MI (2019) Mean performance and stability in multi-environment trials II: selection based on multiple traits. Agronomy Journal 111, 2961-2969.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Oral E, Altuner F, Tunçtürk R, Tunçtürk M (2019) The impact of salt (NaCl) stress on germination characteristics of gibberellic acid pretreated wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) seeds. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 17, 12057-12071.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Osman KT (2018) Saline and sodic soils. In ‘Management of soil problems’. (Ed. KT Osman) pp. 255–298. (Springer: Cham, Switzerland)

Saha D, Choyal P, Mishra UN, Dey P, Bose B, Prathibha MD, Gupta NK, Mehta BK, Kumar P, Pandey S, Chauhan J, Singhal RK (2022) Drought stress responses and inducing tolerance by seed priming approach in plants. Plant Stress 4, 100066.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Singhal RK, Sodani R, Chauhan J, Sharma MK, Yashu BR (2017) Physiological adaptation and tolerance mechanism of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in multiple abiotic stresses. International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience 5, 459-466.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Tiwari V (2010) Growth and production of oat and rye. In ‘Soils, plant growth and crop production, Vol. II’. (Ed. WH Verheye) p. 106. (UNESCO-EOLSS Publishers)

Vavilov NI (1992) ‘Origin and geography of cultivated plants.’ (Ed. VF Dorofeyev) pp. 22–135. (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK)

Wang X, Cheng R, Zhu H, Cheng X, Shutes B, Yan B (2020) Seed germination and early seedling growth of six wetland plant species in saline-alkaline environment. International Journal of Phytoremediation 22, 1185-1194.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Wang W, Zhang F, Sun L, Yang L, Yang Y, Wang Y, Siddique KHM, Pang J (2022) Alkaline salt inhibits seed germination and seedling growth of canola more than neutral salt. Frontiers in Plant Science 13, 814755.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Welch RW (2011) Nutrient composition and nutritional quality of oats and comparisons with other cereals. In ‘Oats: chemistry and technology’. (Eds FH Webster, PJ Wood) pp. 95–107. (American Association of Cereal Chemists: Eagan, MN, USA)

Willenborg CJ, Wildeman JC, Miller AK, Rossnagel BG, Shirtliffe SJ (2005) Oat germination characteristics differ among genotypes, seed sizes, and osmotic potentials. Crop Science 45, 2023-2029.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Xu W, Jia L, Baluška F, Ding G, Shi W, Ye N, Zhang J (2012) PIN2 is required for the adaptation of Arabidopsis roots to alkaline stress by modulating proton secretion. Journal of Experimental Botany 63, 6105-6114.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Xu Z, Wang J, Zhen W, Sun T, Hu X (2022) Abscisic acid alleviates harmful effect of saline-alkaline stress on tomato seedlings. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 175, 58-67.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Yu Y, Huang W, Chen H, Wu G, Yuan H, Song X, et al. (2014) Identification of differentially expressed genes in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) under saline–alkaline stress by digital gene expression. Gene 549, 113-122.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Zhang H, Li X, Nan X, Sun G, Sun M, Cai D, Gu S (2017) Alkalinity and salinity tolerance during seed germination and early seedling stages of three alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars. Legume Research 40, 853-858.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |