Register      Login
Australian Journal of Chemistry Australian Journal of Chemistry Society
An international journal for chemical science
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Synthesis of Indoxylic Acid Esters by Rhodium-catalyzed Carbene N–H Insertion and Thermal Cyclization

Mark A. Honey A and Christopher J. Moody A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.

B Corresponding author. Email: c.j.moody@nottingham.ac.uk

Australian Journal of Chemistry 67(9) 1211-1216 https://doi.org/10.1071/CH14116
Submitted: 5 March 2014  Accepted: 26 March 2014   Published: 8 May 2014

Abstract

Reaction between diethyl diazomalonate and a range of N-alkylanilines in the presence of a catalytic amount of rhodium(ii) acetate dimer afforded carbene N–H insertion to produce anilinomalonates in modest-to-good yields. Upon heating to a high temperature for a short time, the anilinomalonates underwent thermal cyclization to indoxylic acid esters.


References

[1]  H. M. Riepl, C. Urmann, Helv. Chim. Acta 2012, 95, 1461.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xht1Wls7nF&md5=a41ec834df257f430d42f074ab52993cCAS |

[2]  E. S. B. Ferreira, A. N. Hulme, H. McNab, A. Quye, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2004, 33, 329.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmtVWgtbc%3D&md5=a9942228b2be7c03657bf55d88b10807CAS |

[3]  R. W. Balsiger, R. W. Fischer, R. Hirt, E. Giovannini, Helv. Chim. Acta 1953, 36, 708.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaG2cXjt1Gqtg%3D%3D&md5=23118ff681fbe77723c70d49e2a83a0cCAS |

[4]  S. Böttcher, M. Hederos, E. Champion, G. Dekany, J. Thiem, Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 3766.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23829284PubMed |

[5]  S. Böttcher, J. Thiem, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2014, 564.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[6]  T. Curtius, J. Prakt. Chem. 1888, 38, 396.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[7]  P. Yates, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 5376.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaG3sXnt1ChtQ%3D%3D&md5=01d9cbcb72c89e4335b56d107a750934CAS |

[8]  M. P. Doyle, M. A. McKervey, T. Ye, Modern Catalytic Methods for Organic Synthesis with Diazo Compounds 1998 (John Wiley: New York, NY).

[9]  Z. Zhang, J. Wang, Tetrahedron 2008, 64, 6577.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXnt1Kqt78%3D&md5=2a9f6b57dbf4071350e83d9c9fa0b415CAS |

[10]  S. Bachmann, D. Fielenbach, K. A. Jorgensen, Org. Biomol. Chem. 2004, 2, 3044.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXotlagsrw%3D&md5=3609360b5892447bae1936b5175cc453CAS | 15480470PubMed |

[11]  B. Liu, S. F. Zhu, W. Zhang, C. Chen, Q. L. Zhou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 5834.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXktFegsL8%3D&md5=a358206daf9ec1ce6dd0da1f25f21f3eCAS | 17428059PubMed |

[12]  E. C. Lee, G. C. Fu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 12066.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtVChsrfF&md5=11fe93de531add99b512209b5e48e3f3CAS | 17877350PubMed |

[13]  C. J. Moody, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 9148.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhs1Wmtg%3D%3D&md5=f11d539cefe4d04f1264aaaa295b9ddcCAS |

[14]  E. Aller, R. T. Buck, M. J. Drysdale, L. Ferris, D. Haigh, C. J. Moody, N. D. Pearson, J. B. Sanghera, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1996, 2879.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXls1Ghsg%3D%3D&md5=bc104ec6c0f04f3778fe29ddea1f681aCAS |

[15]  L. Ferris, D. Haigh, C. J. Moody, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1996, 2885.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXls1GhtA%3D%3D&md5=f42e8950a96121e9b789c5e88ccffc89CAS |

[16]  K. Yamazaki, Y. Kondo, Chem. Commun. 2002, 210.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XpslOnsQ%3D%3D&md5=9fcde860f012045a153e382fba37a4f3CAS |

[17]  M. M. Yang, X. Wang, P. Livant, J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 6729.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXms1amtLY%3D&md5=e9df14f67f3a9c74368310d2c9228c25CAS |

[18]  Z. Zhu, J. H. Espenson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9901.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XmtFKltrs%3D&md5=4e0988b42aa52bba8cf9687aaf8148d9CAS |

[19]  E. Galardon, P. LeMaux, G. Simonneaux, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1997, 2455.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXmt1yltrs%3D&md5=13b495cbd95aff646eadfb2137d218daCAS |

[20]  C. J. Moody, E. Swann, Synlett 1998, 135.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXhtlWgu70%3D&md5=0c4ec52a74f5fc2c38113c8995097783CAS |

[21]  K. E. Bashford, A. L. Cooper, P. D. Kane, C. J. Moody, S. Muthusamy, E. Swann, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 2002, 1672.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XltFOgsbs%3D&md5=93c683d1a0a0b51cfbff3cabe5ce3a1bCAS |

[22]  M. A. Honey, A. J. Blake, I. B. Campbell, B. D. Judkins, C. J. Moody, Tetrahedron 2009, 65, 8995.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtF2hsL7J&md5=c7b7d92fa46a56a4eebf84b7a77eb3cfCAS |

[23]  For related work, see: R. H. Prager, C. M. Williams, Aust. J. Chem. 1996, 49, 1315.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXovFahsA%3D%3D&md5=59b5193629dac251cd05b71eaffabf06CAS |

[24]  C. J. Moody, M. C. Bagley, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1998, 601.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXht1Srsbg%3D&md5=bb08488e33d70717c1ccf25f4219df80CAS |

[25]  M. C. Bagley, K. E. Bashford, C. L. Hesketh, C. J. Moody, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 3301.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhvFKnsbw%3D&md5=b47f0d960f3870bcb83b48e6fff2e523CAS |

[26]  R. T. Buck, P. A. Clarke, D. M. Coe, M. J. Drysdale, L. Ferris, D. Haigh, C. J. Moody, N. D. Pearson, E. Swann, Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 2160.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXkvVWgsL4%3D&md5=0393131aac32c885880e648bd4e0ce92CAS | 10926221PubMed |

[27]  J. R. Davies, P. D. Kane, C. J. Moody, A. M. Z. Slawin, J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 5840.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXltlykt7Y%3D&md5=fe3c6ad5289e8adb57574e23935fe585CAS | 16018676PubMed |

[28]  R. A. Hughes, S. P. Thompson, L. Alcaraz, C. J. Moody, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 15644.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFWku7nI&md5=b2199afa3de2903398a046c0a4bba941CAS | 16262432PubMed |

[29]  J. Linder, A. J. Blake, C. J. Moody, Org. Biomol. Chem. 2008, 6, 3908.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVSms7zF&md5=08af2c8e816209372b8f48bad273baa3CAS | 18931796PubMed |

[30]  A. Galun, A. Markus, A. Kampf, J. Heterocyclic Chem. 1979, 16, 641.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXlvFeju7c%3D&md5=53f8c330049e0af4cc28e87414aa199dCAS |

[31]  M. Vaultier, M. S. Ouali, R. Carrié, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1979, II, 343.

[32]  G. M. Green, N. P. Peet, W. A. Metz, J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 2509.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhsFKit70%3D&md5=ad0fd69e8fe121e9ba3b6b7cddddf70dCAS | 11281799PubMed |

[33]  P. S. Reddy, S. Kanjilal, S. Sunitha, R. B. N. Prasad, Tetrahedron Lett. 2007, 48, 8807.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlWku7fN&md5=1492d6c7aa92dc475bae99064d9503b9CAS |

[34]  Y. Niwa, K. Takayama, M. Shimizu, Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 5473.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXltFymsLs%3D&md5=014284a5cdad3770561b964f1d90eb2aCAS |