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RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Arabidopsis plasma membrane intrinsic protein (AtPIP2;1) is implicated in a salinity conditional influence on seed germination

Phan Thi Thanh Hoai https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6094-7464 A B C * , Jiaen Qiu A B , Michael Groszmann https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5015-6156 D , Annamaria De Rosa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2610-9149 D , Stephen D. Tyerman https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2455-1643 A B and Caitlin S. Byrt https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8549-2873 A B D *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.

B School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.

C Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Tay Nguyen University, 567 Le Duan, BMT, Dak Lak, Vietnam.

D Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.


Handling Editor: Frans Maathuis

Functional Plant Biology 50(8) 633-648 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP22260
Submitted: 9 November 2022  Accepted: 15 May 2023   Published: 6 June 2023

© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Dynamic changes in aquaporin gene expression occur during seed germination. One example is the ~30-fold increase in Arabidopsis thaliana PIP2;1 transcripts within 24 h of seed imbibition. To investigate whether AtPIP2;1 can influence seed germination wild-type Columbia-0, single (Atpip2;1) and double (Atpip2;1-Atpip2;2) loss-of-function mutants, along with transgenic 2x35S::AtPIP2;1 over-expressing (OE) lines and null-segregant controls, were examined. The various genotypes were germinated in control and saline (75 mM NaCl treatment) conditions and tested for germination efficiency, imbibed seed maximum cross sectional (MCS) area, imbibed seed mass, and seed Na+ and K+ content. Seed lacking functional AtPIP2;1 and/or AtPIP2;2 proteins or constitutively over-expressing AtPIP2;1, had delayed germination in saline conditions relative to wild-type and null-segregant seed, respectively. Exposure to saline germination conditions resulted in Atpip2;1 mutants having greater imbibed seed mass and less accumulated Na+ than wild-type, whereas lines over-expressing AtPIP2;1 had reduced imbibed seed mass and greater seed K+ content than null-segregant control seed. The results imply a role for AtPIP2;1 in seed germination processes, whether directly through its capacity for water and ion transport or H2O2 signalling, or indirectly through potentially triggering dynamic differential regulation of other aquaporins expressed during germination. Future research will aid in dissecting the aquaporin functions influencing germination and may lead to novel solutions for optimising germination in sub-optimal conditions, such as saline soils.

Keywords: aquaporins, Arabidopsis spp., hydraulic conductivity, ion channel, ion transport, physiology, salinity, seed viability, signalling, sodium transport, sucrose, transporter proteins.


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