The impact of Cu-polluted and organic soil on the fibrous plant; insights into plant growth promotion, antioxidant defences system, and oxidative stress
Farukh Ameen A , Sahar Mumtaz B , Baber Ali
C , Iqbal Hussain A * , Aqsa Hafeez C , Ambreen Gul D , Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy E , Taghred A. Hashim F , Ghulam Yasin G , Muhammad Nauman Khan H I , Iftikhar Ali J K , Sayed M. Eldin L , Mohamed A. Rashwan M , Hosam O. Elansary N and Shafaqat Ali O P *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
B Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan.
C Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
D College of Life Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
E Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt.
F Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt.
G Department of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
H Department of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, 25120 Peshawar, Pakistan.
I University Public School, University of Peshawar, 25120 Peshawar, Pakistan.
J Center for Plant Science and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh 19120, Pakistan.
K Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
L Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
M Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
N Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
O Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
P Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan.
* Correspondence to: driqbal@gcuf.edu.pk, shafaqataligill@yahoo.com
Handling Editor: Suleyman Allakhverdiev
Functional Plant Biology 50(8) 623-632 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP23027
Submitted: 13 February 2023 Accepted: 8 May 2023 Published: 26 May 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an abundant essential micronutrient element in various rocks and minerals and is required for a variety of metabolic processes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, excess Cu can disturb normal development by adversely affecting biochemical reactions and physiological processes in plants. However, organic soil is rich in micronutrients and can assist plants to tolerate toxicity by promoting growth and biomass. This study explored the potential of organic and Cu-contaminated soil on fibrous jute (Corchorus capsularis). Plants were grown in the organic soil, natural soil (normal soil) and Cu-contaminated soil for 60 days, and we studied different growth, physiological and ultra-structure alterations in the plant. Results showed that the addition of organic acid in the soil showed a remarkable increase in seed germination, plant height, fresh biomass, photosynthetic pigment and gas exchange parameters, and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in the tissues when compared to the plants grown in the natural soil. In contrast, plants grown in the Cu-contaminated soil significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the seed germination, plant height, fresh biomass, photosynthetic pigment and gas exchange parameters, and increased MDA content, proline concentration and the activities of various antioxidant compounds; i.e. peroxidase (POD) and superoxidase dismutase (SOD). In addition, Cu toxicity also destroyed many membrane bounded organelles especially the chloroplast, which was revealed from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We concluded that Cu toxicity affected growth and physiological attributes in C. capsularis, while addition of organic soil increased plant growth and biomass.
Keywords: anthropogenic activities, antioxidative enzymes, Corchorus capsularis, environmental pollution, gas exchange parameters, heavy metal, jute, organic soil, reactive oxygen species.
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