Unlocking the potential of biochar in the remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals for sustainable agriculture

Abbasi MK, Anwar AA (2015) Ameliorating effects of biochar derived from poultry manure and white clover residues on soil nutrient status and plant growth promotion – greenhouse experiments. PLoS ONE 10, e0131592.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Abdelhafez AA, Li J, Abbas MHH (2014) Feasibility of biochar manufactured from organic wastes on the stabilization of heavy metals in a metal smelter contaminated soil. Chemosphere 117, 66-71.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Abedin J, Unc A (2020) Addition of biochar to acidic boreal podzolic soils enhances micronutrient availability and crop productivity. Open Agriculture 5, 188-201.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Abhishek K, Shrivastava A, Vimal V, Gupta AK, Bhujbal SK, Biswas JK, Singh L, Ghosh P, Pandey A, Sharma P, Kumar M (2022) Biochar application for greenhouse gas mitigation, contaminants immobilization and soil fertility enhancement: a state-of-the-art review. Science of The Total Environment 853, 158562.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Abolanle AAK, Muhammad A, Umme L, Omar Ali A-K, Omowumi TK, Walaa Fikry ME (2021) Biological implications of atmospheric and pedospheric levels of heavy metals. Advances in Toxicology and Toxic Effects 5, 1-4.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Adekiya AO, Agbede TM, Aboyeji CM, Dunsin O, Simeon VT (2019) Biochar and poultry manure effects on soil properties and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) yield. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture 35, 33-45.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Adekiya AO, Agbede TM, Olayanju A, Ejue WS, Adekanye TA, Adenusi TT, Ayeni JF (2020) Effect of biochar on soil properties, soil loss, and cocoyam yield on a tropical sandy loam alfisol. The Scientific World Journal 2020, 9391630.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Adetunji AT, Lewu FB, Mulidzi R, Ncube B (2017) The biological activities of β-glucosidase, phosphatase and urease as soil quality indicators: a review. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 17, 794-807.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Adhikari S, Timms W, Mahmud MAP (2022) Optimising water holding capacity and hydrophobicity of biochar for soil amendment – a review. Science of The Total Environment 851, 158043.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Adnan M, Xiao B, Xiao P, Zhao P, Li R, Bibi S (2022) Research progress on heavy metals pollution in the soil of smelting sites in China. Toxics 10, 231.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Agarwal H, Kashyap VH, Mishra A, Bordoloi S, Singh PK, Joshi NC (2022) Biochar-based fertilizers and their applications in plant growth promotion and protection. 3 Biotech 12, 136.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Agegnehu G, Bass AM, Nelson PN, Muirhead B, Wright G, Bird MI (2015) Biochar and biochar-compost as soil amendments: effects on peanut yield, soil properties and greenhouse gas emissions in tropical North Queensland, Australia. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 213, 72-85.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Agegnehu G, Srivastava AK, Bird MI (2017) The role of biochar and biochar-compost in improving soil quality and crop performance: a review. Applied Soil Ecology 119, 156-170.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Ahmad M, Ok YS, Rajapaksha AU, Lim JE, Kim B-Y, Ahn J-H, Lee YH, Al-Wabel MI, Lee S-E, Lee SS (2016) Lead and copper immobilization in a shooting range soil using soybean stover- and pine needle-derived biochars: chemical, microbial and spectroscopic assessments. Journal of Hazardous Materials 301, 179-186.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Ahmad Bhat S, Kuriqi A, Dar MUD, Bhat O, Sammen SS, Towfiqul Islam ARM, Elbeltagi A, Shah O, AI-Ansari N, Ali R, Heddam S (2022) Application of biochar for improving physical, chemical, and hydrological soil properties: a systematic review. Sustainability 14, 11104.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Ahmed T, Noman M, Ijaz M, Ali S, Rizwan M, Ijaz U, Hameed A, Ahmad U, Wang Y, Sun G, Li B (2021a) Current trends and future prospective in nanoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soils: a way forward towards sustainable agriculture. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 227, 112888.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Ahmed N, Shah AR, Danish S, Fahad S, Ali MA, Zarei T, Vranová V, Datta R (2021b) Immobilization of Cd in soil by biochar and new emerging chemically produced carbon. Journal of King Saud University – Science 33, 101472.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Al-Wabel MI, Usman ARA, El-Naggar AH, Aly AA, Ibrahim HM, Elmaghraby S, Al-Omran A (2015) Conocarpus biochar as a soil amendment for reducing heavy metal availability and uptake by maize plants. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 22, 503-511.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Alaboudi KA, Ahmed B, Brodie G (2019) Effect of biochar on Pb, Cd and Cr availability and maize growth in artificial contaminated soil. Annals of Agricultural Sciences 64, 95-102.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Alengebawy A, Abdelkhalek ST, Qureshi SR, Wang M-Q (2021) Heavy metals and pesticides toxicity in agricultural soil and plants: ecological risks and human health implications. Toxics 9, 42-34.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Ali MM, Hossain D, Al-Imran, Khan MS, Begum M, Osman MH (2021) Environmental pollution with heavy metals: a public health concern. In ‘Heavy metals – their environmental impacts and mitigation’. (Eds M Khaled Nazal, H Zhao) pp. 771–783. (IntechOpen: London, UK) doi:10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96805

Alkharabsheh HM, Seleiman MF, Battaglia ML, Shami A, Jalal RS, Alhammad BA, Almutairi KF, Al-Saif AM (2021) Biochar and its broad impacts in soil quality and fertility, nutrient leaching and crop productivity: a review. Agronomy 11, 993.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Allohverdi T, Mohanty AK, Roy P, Misra M (2021) A review on current status of biochar uses in agriculture. Molecules 26, 5584.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Almutairi AA, Ahmad M, Rafique MI, Al-Wabel MI (2023) Variations in composition and stability of biochars derived from different feedstock types at varying pyrolysis temperature. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 22, 25-34.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Amalina F, Razak ASA, Krishnan S, Zularisam AW, Nasrullah M (2022a) A comprehensive assessment of the method for producing biochar, its characterization, stability, and potential applications in regenerative economic sustainability – a review. Cleaner Materials 3, 100045.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Amalina F, Syukor Abd Razak A, Krishnan S, Sulaiman H, Zularisam AW, Nasrullah M (2022b) Advanced techniques in the production of biochar from lignocellulosic biomass and environmental applications. Cleaner Materials 6, 100137.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Ambaye TG, Vaccari M, van Hullebusch ED, Amrane A, Rtimi S (2020) Mechanisms and adsorption capacities of biochar for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial wastewater. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 18, 3273-3294.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Amin H, Arain BA, Jahangir TM, Abbasi MS, Amin F (2018) Accumulation and distribution of lead (Pb) in plant tissues of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): profitable phytoremediation with biofuel crops. Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes 2, 51-60.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Amin MA, Haider G, Rizwan M, Schofield HK, Qayyum MF, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Ali S (2023) Different feedstocks of biochar affected the bioavailability and uptake of heavy metals by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants grown in metal contaminated soil. Environmental Research 217, 114845.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Amoah-Antwi C, Kwiatkowska-Malina J, Thornton SF, Fenton O, Malina G, Szara E (2020a) Restoration of soil quality using biochar and brown coal waste: a review. Science of The Total Environment 722, 137852.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Amoah-Antwi C, Kwiatkowska-Malina J, Szara E, Thornton S, Fenton O, Malina G (2020b) Efficacy of woodchip biochar and brown coal waste as stable sorbents for abatement of bioavailable cadmium, lead and zinc in soil. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 231, 515.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Andrunik M, Wołowiec M, Wojnarski D, Zelek-Pogudz S, Bajda T (2020) Transformation of Pb, Cd, and Zn minerals using phosphates. Minerals 10, 342.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Antonangelo JA, Zhang H, Antonangelo JA, Zhang H (2020) The use of biochar as a soil amendment to reduce potentially toxic metals (PTMs) phytoavailability. In ‘Applications of biochar for environmental safety’. (Eds AA Abdelhafez, MHH Abbas) p. 177. (IntechOpen: London, UK) doi:10.5772/INTECHOPEN.92611

Antonangelo JA, Zhang H, Sitienei I (2023) Biochar amendment of a metal contaminated soil partially immobilized Zn, Pb, and Cd and reduced ryegrass uptake. Frontiers in Environmental Science 11, 1170427.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Anwar T, Munwwar F, Qureshi H, Siddiqi EH, Hanif A, Anwaar S, Gul S, Waheed A, Alwahibi MS, Kamal A (2023) Synergistic effect of biochar-based compounds from vegetable wastes and gibberellic acid on wheat growth under salinity stress. Scientific Reports 13, 19024.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Arabyarmohammadi H, Darban AK, Abdollahy M, Ayati B (2018) Simultaneous immobilization of heavy metals in soil environment by pulp and paper derived nanoporous biochars. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering 16, 109-119.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Araujo ASd, Blum LEB, Andrade DVN, Silva Júnior PBd, Figueiredo CCd (2021) Sewage sludge biochar effects on phytopathogenic fungi and beneficial microorganisms. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 64, e21210266.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Asadi H, Ghorbani M, Rezaei-Rashti M, Abrishamkesh S, Amirahmadi E, Chengrong C, Gorji M (2021) Application of rice husk biochar for achieving sustainable agriculture and environment. Rice Science 28, 325-343.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Ashraf MA, Maah MJ, Yusoff I (2014) Soil contamination, risk assessment and remediation. In ‘Environmental risk assessment of soil contamination’. (Ed. MC Hernandez Soriano) pp. 3–56. (IntechOpen: London, UK) doi:10.5772/57287

Aslam M, Aslam A, Sheraz M, Ali B, Ulhassan Z, Najeeb U, Zhou W, Gill RA (2021) Lead toxicity in cereals: mechanistic insight into toxicity, mode of action, and management. Frontiers in Plant Science 11, 587785.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Asmoay ASA, Salman SA, El-Gohary AM, Sabet HS (2019) Evaluation of heavy metal mobility in contaminated soils between Abu Qurqas and Dyer Mawas Area, El Minya Governorate, Upper Egypt. Bulletin of the National Research Centre 43, 88.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Awad M, El-Sayed MM, Li X, Liu Z, Mustafa SK, Ditta A, Hessini K (2021) Diminishing heavy metal hazards of contaminated soil via biochar supplementation. Sustainability 13, 12742.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Ayaz M, Feizienė D, Tilvikienė V, Akhtar K, Stulpinaitė U, Iqbal R (2021) Biochar role in the sustainability of agriculture and environment. Sustainability 13, 1330.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Azadi N, Raiesi F (2021) Biochar alleviates metal toxicity and improves microbial community functions in a soil co-contaminated with cadmium and lead. Biochar 3, 485-498.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Azhar U, Ahmad H, Shafqat H, Babar M, Shahzad Munir HM, Sagir M, Arif M, Hassan A, Rachmadona N, Rajendran S, Mubashir M, Khoo KS (2022) Remediation techniques for elimination of heavy metal pollutants from soil: a review. Environmental Research 214, 113918.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Azubuike CC, Chikere CB, Okpokwasili GC (2016) Bioremediation techniques–classification based on site of application: principles, advantages, limitations and prospects. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 32, 180.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Balali-Mood M, Naseri K, Tahergorabi Z, Khazdair MR, Sadeghi M (2021) Toxic mechanisms of five heavy metals: mercury, lead, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic. Frontiers in Pharmacology 12, 643972.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Baldi A, Cecchi S, Grassi C, Zanchi CA, Orlandini S, Napoli M (2021) Lead bioaccumulation and translocation in herbaceous plants grown in urban and peri-urban soil and the potential human health risk. Agronomy 11, 2444.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Bandara T, Herath I, Kumarathilaka P, Seneviratne M, Seneviratne G, Rajakaruna N, Vithanage M, Ok YS (2017) Role of woody biochar and fungal-bacterial co-inoculation on enzyme activity and metal immobilization in serpentine soil. Journal of Soils and Sediments 17, 665-673.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Bardhan M, Novera TM, Tabassum M, Islam MA, Islam MA, Hameed BH (2021) Co-hydrothermal carbonization of different feedstocks to hydrochar as potential energy for the future world: a review. Journal of Cleaner Production 298, 126734.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Barnes RT, Gallagher ME, Masiello CA, Liu Z, Dugan B (2014) Biochar-induced changes in soil hydraulic conductivity and dissolved nutrient fluxes constrained by laboratory experiments. PLoS ONE 9, e108340.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Basak BB, Sarkar B, Saha A, Sarkar A, Mandal S, Biswas JK, Wang H, Bolan NS (2022) Revamping highly weathered soils in the tropics with biochar application: what we know and what is needed. Science of The Total Environment 822, 153461.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Bashir A, Rizwan M, Zia ur Rehman M, Zubair M, Riaz M, Qayyum MF, Alharby HF, Bamagoos AA, Ali S (2020) Application of co-composted farm manure and biochar increased the wheat growth and decreased cadmium accumulation in plants under different water regimes. Chemosphere 246, 125809.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Bednik M, Medyńska-Juraszek A, Ćwieląg-Piasecka I (2023) Biochar and organic fertilizer co-application enhances soil carbon priming, increasing CO₂ fluxes in two contrasting arable soils. Materials 16, 6950.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Beesley L, Marmiroli M (2011) The immobilisation and retention of soluble arsenic, cadmium and zinc by biochar. Environmental Pollution 159, 474-480.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Beesley L, Inneh OS, Norton GJ, Moreno-Jimenez E, Pardo T, Clemente R, Dawson JJ (2014) Assessing the influence of compost and biochar amendments on the mobility and toxicity of metals and arsenic in a naturally contaminated mine soil. Environmental Pollution 186, 195-202.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Ben Aissa MA, Modwi A, Albadri AEAE, Saleh SM (2023) Dependency of crystal violet dye removal behaviors onto mesoporous V₂O₅-g-C₃N₄ constructed by simplistic ultrasonic method. Inorganics 11, 146.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Bian R, Chen D, Liu X, Cui L, Li L, Pan G, Xie D, Zheng J, Zhang X, Zheng J, Chang A (2013) Biochar soil amendment as a solution to prevent Cd-tainted rice from China: results from a cross-site field experiment. Ecological Engineering 58, 378-383.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Bista P, Ghimire R, Machado S, Pritchett L (2019) Biochar effects on soil properties and wheat biomass vary with fertility management. Agronomy 9, 623.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Blanco-Canqui H (2017) Biochar and soil physical properties. Soil Science Society of America Journal 81, 687-711.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Bolan N, Kumar M, Singh E, Kumar A, Singh L, Kumar S, Keerthanan S, Hoang SA, El-Naggar A, Vithanage M, Sarkar B, Wijesekara H, Diyabalanage S, Sooriyakumar P, Vinu A, Wang H, Kirkham MB, Shaheen SM, Rinklebe J, Siddique KHM (2022) Antimony contamination and its risk management in complex environmental settings: a review. Environment International 158, 106908.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Boros B-V, Ostafe V (2020) Evaluation of ecotoxicology assessment methods of nanomaterials and their effects. Nanomaterials 10, 610.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Bortoloti GA, Baron D (2022) Phytoremediation of toxic heavy metals by Brassica plants: a biochemical and physiological approach. Environmental Advances 8, 100204.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Briffa J, Sinagra E, Blundell R (2020) Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological effects on humans. Heliyon 6, e04691.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Bu F, Nan Q, Li W, Bolan N, Sarkar B, Meng J, Wang H (2022) Meta-analysis for quantifying carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emission in paddy soils one year after biochar application. Agronomy 12, 3065.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Burachevskaya M, Minkina T, Bauer T, Lobzenko I, Fedorenko A, Mazarji M, Sushkova S, Mandzhieva S, Nazarenko A, Butova V, Wong MH, Rajput VD (2023) Fabrication of biochar derived from different types of feedstocks as an efficient adsorbent for soil heavy metal removal. Scientific Reports 13, 2020.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Buss W, Jansson S, Mašek O (2019) Unexplored potential of novel biochar-ash composites for use as organo-mineral fertilizers. Journal of Cleaner Production 208, 960-967.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Campos P, De la Rosa JM (2020) Assessing the effects of biochar on the immobilization of trace elements and plant development in a naturally contaminated soil. Sustainability 12, 6025.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Carnier R, Coscione A, Delaqua D, Puga A, de Abreu C (2022) Jack bean development in multimetal contaminated soil amended with coffee waste-derived biochars. Processes 10, 2157.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Chan JC, Paice M, Zhang X (2020) Enzymatic oxidation of lignin: challenges and barriers toward practical applications. ChemCatChem 12, 401-425.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Chatterjee R, Sajjadi B, Chen W-Y, Mattern DL, Hammer N, Raman V, Dorris A (2020) Effect of pyrolysis temperature on physicochemical properties and acoustic-based amination of biochar for efficient CO₂ adsorption. Frontiers in Energy Research 8, 85.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Chen X, Chen G, Chen L, Chen Y, Lehmann J, McBride MB, Hay AG (2011) Adsorption of copper and zinc by biochars produced from pyrolysis of hardwood and corn straw in aqueous solution. Bioresource Technology 102, 8877-8884.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Chen Z, Wang M, Ren Y, Jiang E, Jiang Y, Li W (2018a) Biomass torrefaction: a promising pretreatment technology for biomass utilization. In ‘IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science’. (IOP Publishing) doi:10.1088/1755-1315/113/1/012201

Chen T, Luo L, Deng S, Shi G, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Deng O, Wang L, Zhang J, Wei L (2018b) Sorption of tetracycline on H₃PO₄ modified biochar derived from rice straw and swine manure. Bioresource Technology 267, 431-437.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Chen X, He H-Z, Chen G-K, Li H-S (2020) Effects of biochar and crop straws on the bioavailability of cadmium in contaminated soil. Scientific Reports 10, 9528.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Chen W-H, Lin B-J, Lin Y-Y, Chu Y-S, Ubando AT, Show PL, Ong HC, Chang J-S, Ho S-H, Culaba AB, Pétrissans A, Pétrissans M (2021a) Progress in biomass torrefaction: principles, applications and challenges. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 82, 100887.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Chen L, Ni Q, Wu Y, Fu C, Ping W, Bai H, Li M, Huang H, Liu H (2021b) Passivation and remediation of Pb and Cr in contaminated soil by sewage sludge biochar tubule. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, 49102-49111.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Chen L, Sun S, Yao B, Peng Y, Gao C, Qin T, Zhou Y, Sun C, Quan W (2022) Effects of straw return and straw biochar on soil properties and crop growth: a review. Frontiers in Plant Science 13, 986763.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Chen H, Ye Q, Wang X, Sheng J, Yu X, Zhao S, Zou X, Zhang W, Xue G (2024) Applying sludge hydrolysate as a carbon source for biological denitrification after composition optimization via red soil filtration. Water Research 249, 120909.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Cheng S, Chen T, Xu W, Huang J, Jiang S, Yan B (2020a) Application research of biochar for the remediation of soil heavy metals contamination: a review. Molecules 25, 3167.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Cheng C, Luo W, Wang Q, He L, Sheng X (2020b) Combined biochar and metal-immobilizing bacteria reduces edible tissue metal uptake in vegetables by increasing amorphous Fe oxides and abundance of Fe- and Mn-oxidising Leptothrix species. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 206, 111189.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Chibuike GU, Obiora SC (2014) Heavy metal polluted soils: effect on plants and bioremediation methods. Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2014, 752708.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Choi JH, Kim S-S, Ly HV, Kim J, Woo HC (2017) Effects of water-washing Saccharina japonica on fast pyrolysis in a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor. Biomass and Bioenergy 98, 112-123.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Cimò G, Kucerik J, Berns AE, Schaumann GE, Alonzo G, Conte P (2014) Effect of heating time and temperature on the chemical characteristics of biochar from poultry manure. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 62, 1912-1918.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Cong M, Hu Y, Sun X, Yan H, Yu G, Tang G, Chen S, Xu W, Jia H (2023) Long-term effects of biochar application on the growth and physiological characteristics of maize. Frontiers in Plant Science 14, 1172425.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Cooper J, Greenberg I, Ludwig B, Hippich L, Fischer D, Glaser B, Kaiser M (2020) Effect of biochar and compost on soil properties and organic matter in aggregate size fractions under field conditions. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 295, 106882.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Cordovil CMdS, Pinto R, Silva B, Sas-Paszt L, Sakrabani R, Skiba UM (2019) The impact of woody biochar on microbial processes in conventionally and organically managed arable soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 50, 1387-1402.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Cornelissen G, Martinsen V, Shitumbanuma V, Alling V, Breedveld G, Rutherford D, Sparrevik M, Hale S, Obia A, Mulder J (2013) Biochar effect on maize yield and soil characteristics in five conservation farming sites in Zambia. Agronomy 3, 256-274.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Cybulak M, Sokołowska Z, Boguta P (2021) The influence of biochar on the content of carbon and the chemical transformations of fallow and grassland humic acids. Scientific Reports 11, 5698.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Czerwińska K, Śliz M, Wilk M (2022) Hydrothermal carbonization process: fundamentals, main parameter characteristics and possible applications including an effective method of SARS-CoV-2 mitigation in sewage sludge. A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 154, 111873.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Dai Z, Xiong X, Zhu H, Xu H, Leng P, Li J, Tang C, Xu J (2021) Association of biochar properties with changes in soil bacterial, fungal and fauna communities and nutrient cycling processes. Biochar 3, 239-254.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Dang VM, Van HT, Duong HTM, Nguyen DH, Chao H-P, Nguyen LH, Lin C-C (2020) Evaluation of fly ash, apatite and rice straw derived-biochar in varying combinations for in situ remediation of soils contaminated with multiple heavy metals. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 66, 379-388.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Dang LV, Ngoc NP, Hung NN (2022) Effects of biochar, lime, and compost applications on soil physicochemical properties and yield of pomelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck) in alluvial soil of the Mekong Delta. Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2022, 5747699.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Darwish AAA, Rashad M, AL-Aoh HA (2019) Methyl orange adsorption comparison on nanoparticles: isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies. Dyes and Pigments 160, 563-571.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Das S, Sultana KW, Ndhlala AR, Mondal M, Chandra I (2023) Heavy metal pollution in the environment and its impact on health: exploring green technology for remediation. Environmental Health Insights 17, 11786302231201259.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

de Jesus Duarte S, Glaser B, Cerri CEP (2019) Effect of biochar particle size on physical, hydrological and chemical properties of loamy and sandy tropical soils. Agronomy 9, 165.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

De la Rosa JM, Santa-olalla A, Campos P, López-núñez R, González-pérez JA, Almendros G, Knicker HE, Sánchez-martín Á, Fernández-boy E (2022) Impact of biochar amendment on soil properties and organic matter composition in trace element-contaminated soil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, 2140.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Denyes MJ, Rutter A, Zeeb BA (2016) Bioavailability assessments following biochar and activated carbon amendment in DDT-contaminated soil. Chemosphere 144, 1428-1434.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Dey D, Mavi MS (2022) Co-application of biochar with non-pyrolyzed organic material accelerates carbon accrual and nutrient availability in soil. Environmental Technology & Innovation 25, 102128.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Diatta AA, Fike JH, Battaglia ML, Galbraith JM, Baig MB (2020) Effects of biochar on soil fertility and crop productivity in arid regions: a review. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 13, 595.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Dike CC, Shahsavari E, Surapaneni A, Shah K, Ball AS (2021) Can biochar be an effective and reliable biostimulating agent for the remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils? Environment International 154, 106553.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Ding Y, Liu Y, Liu S, Li Z, Tan X, Huang X, Zeng G, Zhou L, Zheng B (2016) Biochar to improve soil fertility. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 36, 36.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Do Minh T, Song J, Deb A, Cha L, Srivastava V, Sillanpää M (2020) Biochar based catalysts for the abatement of emerging pollutants: a review. Chemical Engineering Journal 394, 124856.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Domingues RR, Trugilho PF, Silva CA, De Melo ICNA, Melo LCA, Magriotis ZM, Sánchez-Monedero MA (2017) Properties of biochar derived from wood and high-nutrient biomasses with the aim of agronomic and environmental benefits. PLoS ONE 12, e0176884.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Domingues RR, Sánchez-Monedero MA, Spokas KA, Melo LCA, Trugilho PF, Valenciano MN, Silva CA (2020) Enhancing cation exchange capacity of weathered soils using biochar: feedstock, pyrolysis conditions and addition rate. Agronomy 10, 824.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Dong X, Ma LQ, Li Y (2011) Characteristics and mechanisms of hexavalent chromium removal by biochar from sugar beet tailing. Journal of Hazardous Materials 190, 909-915.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Dong R, Jia Z, Li S (2018) Risk assessment and sources identification of soil heavy metals in a typical county of Chongqing Municipality, Southwest China. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 113, 275-281.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Dun Y, Wu C, Zhou M, Tian X, Wu G (2022) Wheat straw- and maize straw-derived biochar effects on the soil cadmium fractions and bioaccumulation in the wheat–maize rotation system. Frontiers in Environmental Science 10, 980893.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Duwiejuah AB, Abubakari AH, Quainoo AK, Amadu Y (2020) Review of biochar properties and remediation of metal pollution of water and soil. Journal of Health and Pollution 10, 200902.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Egbosiuba TC (2022) Biochar and bio-oil fuel properties from nickel nanoparticles assisted pyrolysis of cassava peel. Heliyon 8, e10114.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

El-Sharkawy M, El-Naggar AH, Al-Huqail AA, Ghoneim AM (2022) Acid-modified biochar impacts on soil properties and biochemical characteristics of crops grown in saline-sodic soils. Sustainability 14, 8190.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Elbehiry F, Darweesh M, Al-Anany FS, Khalifa AM, Almashad AA, El-Ramady H, El-Banna A, Rajput VD, Jatav HS, Elbasiouny H (2022) Using biochar and nanobiochar of water hyacinth and black tea waste in metals removal from aqueous solutions. Sustainability 14, 10118.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Elkhlifi Z, Iftikhar J, Sarraf M, Ali B, Saleem MH, Ibranshahib I, Bispo MD, Meili L, Ercisli S, Torun Kayabasi E, Alemzadeh Ansari N, Hegedűsová A, Chen Z (2023) Potential role of biochar on capturing soil nutrients, carbon sequestration and managing environmental challenges: a review. Sustainability 15, 2527.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Enaime G, Lübken M (2021) Agricultural waste-based biochar for agronomic applications. Applied Sciences 11, 8914.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Engwa GA, Ferdinand PU, Nwalo FN, Unachukwu MN, Engwa GA, Ferdinand PU, Nwalo FN, Unachukwu MN (2019) Mechanism and health effects of heavy metal toxicity in humans. In ‘Poisoning in the modern world – new tricks for an old dog?’. (Eds O Karcioglu, B Arslan) pp. 70–90. (IntechOpen) doi:10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82511

Fachini J, Coser TR, Araujo ASd, Vale ATd, Jindo K, Figueiredo CCd (2021) One year residual effect of sewage sludge biochar as a soil amendment for maize in a Brazilian Oxisol. Sustainability 13, 2226.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Fahmi AH, Samsuri AW, Jol H, Singh D (2018) Bioavailability and leaching of Cd and Pb from contaminated soil amended with different sizes of biochar. Royal Society Open Science 5, 181328.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Fan Q, Sun J, Quan G, Yan J, Gao J, Zou X, Cui L (2020) Insights into the effects of long-term biochar loading on water-soluble organic matter in soil: implications for the vertical co-migration of heavy metals. Environment International 136, 105439.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Farooq MS, Uzair M, Raza A, Habib M, Xu Y, Yousuf M, Yang SH, Ramzan Khan M (2022) Uncovering the research gaps to alleviate the negative impacts of climate change on food security: a review. Frontiers in Plant Science 13, 927535.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Fathianpour A, Taheriyoun M, Soleimani M (2018) Lead and zinc stabilization of soil using sewage sludge biochar: optimization through response surface methodology. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 46, 1700429.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Fellet G, Marmiroli M, Marchiol L (2014) Elements uptake by metal accumulator species grown on mine tailings amended with three types of biochar. Science of The Total Environment 468–469, 598-608.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Feng L, Xu W, Tang G, Gu M, Geng Z (2021) Biochar induced improvement in root system architecture enhances nutrient assimilation by cotton plant seedlings. BMC Plant Biology 21, 269.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Ferraro G, Pecori G, Rosi L, Bettucci L, Fratini E, Casini D, Rizzo AM, Chiaramonti D (2021) Biochar from lab-scale pyrolysis: influence of feedstock and operational temperature. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 1, 1-11.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Fryda L, Visser R (2015) Biochar for soil improvement: evaluation of biochar from gasification and slow pyrolysis. Agriculture 5, 1076-1115.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Fu B, Chen L, Huang H, Qu P, Wei Z (2021) Impacts of crop residues on soil health: a review. Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability 33, 164-173.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Gabhane JW, Bhange VP, Patil PD, Bankar ST, Kumar S (2020) Recent trends in biochar production methods and its application as a soil health conditioner: a review. SN Applied Sciences 2, 1307.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Gai X, Wang H, Liu J, Zhai L, Liu S, Ren T, Liu H (2014) Effects of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature on biochar adsorption of ammonium and nitrate. PLoS ONE 9, e113888.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Garbuz S, Mackay A, Camps-Arbestain M, DeVantier B, Minor M (2022) Biochar increases soil enzyme activities in two contrasting pastoral soils under different grazing management. Crop & Pasture Science 74, 101-111.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Gbouri I, Yu F, Wang X, Wang J, Cui X, Hu Y, Yan B, Chen G (2022) Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and wetland biomass waste for biochar production: behaviors of phosphorus and heavy metals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, 2818.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Gelardi DL, Parikh SJ (2021) Soils and beyond: optimizing sustainability opportunities for biochar. Sustainability 13, 10079.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Giagnoni L, Renella G (2022) Effects of biochar on the C use efficiency of soil microbial communities: components and mechanisms. Environments 9, 138.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Glaser B, Lehr V-I (2019) Biochar effects on phosphorus availability in agricultural soils: a meta-analysis. Scientific Reports 9, 9338.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Goldan E, Nedeff V, Barsan N, Culea M, Tomozei C, Panainte-Lehadus M, Mosnegutu E (2022) Evaluation of the use of sewage sludge biochar as a soil amendment – a review. Sustainability 14, 5309.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Gong C, Wang S, Wang D, Lu H, Dong H, Liu J, Yan B, Wang L (2022) Ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in agricultural soil in hotbed chives hometown of Tangchang, Southwest China. Scientific Reports 12, 8563.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Gonzaga MIS, Mackowiak C, de Almeida AQ, de Carvalho Junior JIT, Andrade KR (2018) Positive and negative effects of biochar from coconut husks, orange bagasse and pine wood chips on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and nutrition. Catena 162, 414-420.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

González Henao S, Ghneim-Herrera T (2021) Heavy metals in soils and the remediation potential of bacteria associated with the plant microbiome. Frontiers in Environmental Science 9, 604216.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Grifoni M, Franchi E, Fusini D, Vocciante M, Barbafieri M, Pedron F, Rosellini I, Petruzzelli G (2022) Soil remediation: towards a resilient and adaptive approach to deal with the ever-changing environmental challenges. Environments 9, 18.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Gross A, Bromm T, Glaser B (2021) Soil organic carbon sequestration after biochar application: a global meta-analysis. Agronomy 11, 2474.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Gu J, Zhou W, Jiang B, Wang L, Ma Y, Guo H, Schulin R, Ji R, Evangelou MWH (2016) Effects of biochar on the transformation and earthworm bioaccumulation of organic pollutants in soil. Chemosphere 145, 431-437.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Gu W, Wang Y, Feng Z, Wu D, Zhang H, Yuan H, Sun Y, Xiu L, Chen W, Zhang W (2022) Long-term effects of biochar application with reduced chemical fertilizer on paddy soil properties and japonica rice production system. Frontiers in Environmental Science 10, 902752.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Guda VK, Steele PH, Penmetsa VK, Li Q (2015) Fast pyrolysis of biomass: recent advances in fast pyrolysis technology. In ‘Recent advances in thermo-chemical conversion of biomass’. (Eds A Pandey, T Bhaskar, M Stöcker, RK Sukumaran) pp. 177–211. (Elsevier) doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-63289-0.00007-7

Gul S, Whalen JK, Thomas BW, Sachdeva V, Deng H (2015) Physico-chemical properties and microbial responses in biochar-amended soils: mechanisms and future directions. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 206, 46-59.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Guo M, Song W, Tian J (2020) Biochar-facilitated soil remediation: mechanisms and efficacy variations. Frontiers in Environmental Science 8, 521512.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Gupta M, Savla N, Pandit C, Pandit S, Gupta PK, Pant M, Khilari S, Kumar Y, Agarwal D, Nair RR, Thomas D, Thakur VK (2022) Use of biomass-derived biochar in wastewater treatment and power production: a promising solution for a sustainable environment. Science of The Total Environment 825, 153892.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Günal E, Erdem H, Çelik İ (2018) Effects of three different biochars amendment on water retention of silty loam and loamy soils. Agricultural Water Management 208, 232-244.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Hafeez A, Pan T, Tian J, Cai K (2022) Modified biochars and their effects on soil quality: a review. Environments 9, 60.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Hafez EM, Gowayed SM, Nehela Y, Sakran RM, Rady AMS, Awadalla A, Omara AE-D, Alowaiesh BF (2021) Incorporated biochar-based soil amendment and exogenous glycine betaine foliar application ameliorate rice (Oryza sativa L.) tolerance and resilience to osmotic stress. Plants 10, 1930.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Haider FU, Coulter JA, Cheema SA, Farooq M, Wu J, Zhang R, Shuaijie G, Liqun C (2021) Co-application of biochar and microorganisms improves soybean performance and remediate cadmium-contaminated soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 214, 112112.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Haider FU, Wang X, Farooq M, Hussain S, Cheema SA, Ain N, Virk AL, Ejaz M, Janyshova U, Liqun C (2022a) Biochar application for the remediation of trace metals in contaminated soils: implications for stress tolerance and crop production. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 230, 113165.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Haider FU, Wang X, Zulfiqar U, Farooq M, Hussain S, Mehmood T, Naveed M, Li Y, Liqun C, Saeed Q, Ahmad I, Mustafa A (2022b) Biochar application for remediation of organic toxic pollutants in contaminated soils; an update. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 248, 114322.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Han S, Bai L, Chi M, Xu X, Chen Z, Yu K (2022) Conversion of waste corn straw to value-added fuel via hydrothermal carbonization after acid washing. Energies 15, 1828.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Hardy B, Sleutel S, Dufey JE, Cornelis J-T (2019) The long-term effect of biochar on soil microbial abundance, activity and community structure is overwritten by land management. Frontiers in Environmental Science 7, 110.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Hartley W, Dickinson NM, Riby P, Lepp NW (2009) Arsenic mobility in brownfield soils amended with green waste compost or biochar and planted with Miscanthus. Environmental Pollution 157, 2654-2662.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Hasanuzzaman M, Raihan MRH, Khojah E, Samra BN, Fujita M, Nahar K (2021) Biochar and chitosan regulate antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal detoxification systems and enhance salt tolerance in jute (Corchorus olitorius L.). Antioxidants 10, 2017.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Hassan M, Liu Y, Naidu R, Parikh SJ, Du J, Qi F, Willett IR (2020) Influences of feedstock sources and pyrolysis temperature on the properties of biochar and functionality as adsorbents: a meta-analysis. Science of The Total Environment 744, 140714.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

He Y, Zhou X, Jiang L, Li M, Du Z, Zhou G, Shao J, Wang X, Xu Z, Hosseini Bai S, Wallace H, Xu C (2017a) Effects of biochar application on soil greenhouse gas fluxes: a meta-analysis. GCB Bioenergy 9, 743-755.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

He L-L, Zhong Z-K, Yang H-M (2017b) Effects on soil quality of biochar and straw amendment in conjunction with chemical fertilizers. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 16, 704-712.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

He M-Y, Dong J-B, Jin Z, Liu C-Y, Xiao J, Zhang F, Sun H, Zhao Z-Q, Gou L-F, Liu W-G, Luo C-G, Song Y-G, Ma L, Deng L (2021) Pedogenic processes in loess-paleosol sediments: clues from Li isotopes of leachate in Luochuan loess. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 299, 151-162.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

He M-Y, Ren TX, Jin ZD, Deng L, Liu HJ, Cheng YY, Li ZY, Liu XX, Yang Y, Chang H (2023a) Precise analysis of potassium isotopic composition in plant materials by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 209, 106781.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

He R, Yu R, Jiang Y, Liu Z, Wu J, Zhang X, Wang G (2023b) Effect of wheat residue-derived biochar on naphthalene adsorption in loess soil in Northwest China. Processes 11, 3085.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Holliday MC, Parsons DR, Zein SH (2022) Microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonisation of waste biomass: the effect of process conditions on hydrochar properties. Processes 10, 1756.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Hoslett J, Ghazal H, Mohamad N, Jouhara H (2020) Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by biochar prepared from the pyrolysis of mixed municipal discarded material. Science of the Total Environment 714, 136832.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Houben D (2013) Heavy metal mobility in contaminated soils as affected by plants, amendments and biochar: implications for phytostabilization. PhD Thesis, Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium.

Houben D, Evrard L, Sonnet P (2013a) Beneficial effects of biochar application to contaminated soils on the bioavailability of Cd, Pb and Zn and the biomass production of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Biomass and Bioenergy 57, 196-204.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Houben D, Evrard L, Sonnet P (2013b) Mobility, bioavailability and pH-dependent leaching of cadmium, zinc and lead in a contaminated soil amended with biochar. Chemosphere 92, 1450-1457.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Houssou AA, Jeyakumar P, Niazi NK, Van Zwieten L, Li X, Huang L, Wei L, Zheng X, Huang Q, Huang Y, Huang X, Wang H, Liu Z, Huang Z (2022) Biochar and soil properties limit the phytoavailability of lead and cadmium by Brassica chinensis L. in contaminated soils. Biochar 4, 5.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Hu Z, Wei L (2023) Review on characterization of biochar derived from biomass pyrolysis via reactive molecular dynamics simulations. Journal of Composites Science 7, 354.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Hu J, Shen D, Xiao R, Wu S, Zhang H (2013) Free-radical analysis on thermochemical transformation of lignin to phenolic compounds. Energy & Fuels 27, 285-293.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Huang L, Gu M (2019) Effects of biochar on container substrate properties and growth of plants—a review. Horticulturae 5, 14.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Huang H, Reddy NG, Huang X, Chen P, Wang P, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Lin P, Garg A (2021) Effects of pyrolysis temperature, feedstock type and compaction on water retention of biochar amended soil. Scientific Reports 11, 7419.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Iaccarino A, Gautam R, Sarathy SM (2021) Bio-oil and biochar production from halophyte biomass: effects of pre-treatment and temperature on Salicornia bigelovii pyrolysis. Sustainable Energy & Fuels 5, 2234-2248.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Ibrahim M, Li G, Chan FKS, Kay P, Liu X-X, Firbank L, Xu Y-Y (2019) Biochars effects potentially toxic elements and antioxidant enzymes in Lactuca sativa L. grown in multi-metals contaminated soil. Environmental Technology & Innovation 15, 100427.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Ibrahim M, Labaki M, Giraudon J-M, Lamonier J-F (2020) Hydroxyapatite, a multifunctional material for air, water and soil pollution control: a review. Journal of Hazardous Materials 383, 121139.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Ibrahim I, Tsubota T, Hassan MA, Andou Y (2021) Surface functionalization of biochar from oil palm empty fruit bunch through hydrothermal process. Processes 9, 149.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Ippolito JA, Laird DA, Busscher WJ (2012) Environmental benefits of biochar. Journal of Environmental Quality 41, 967-972.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Ippolito JA, Spokas KA, Novak JM, Lentz RD, Cantrell KB (2015) Biochar elemental composition and factors influencing nutrient retention. In ‘Biochar for environmental management: science, technology and implementation’, 2nd edn. (Eds Lehmann J, Joseph S) pp. 137–161. (Routledge: New York, NY, USA)

Ippolito JA, Cui L, Kammann C, Wrage-Mönnig N, Estavillo JM, Fuertes-Mendizabal T, Cayuela ML, Sigua G, Novak J, Spokas K, Borchard N (2020) Feedstock choice, pyrolysis temperature and type influence biochar characteristics: a comprehensive meta-data analysis review. Biochar 2, 421-438.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Irfan M, Mudassir M, Khan MJ, Dawar KM, Muhammad D, Mian IA, Ali W, Fahad S, Saud S, Hayat Z, Nawaz T, Khan SA, Alam S, Ali B, Banout J, Ahmed S, Mubeen S, Danish S, Datta R, Elgorban AM, Dewil R (2021) Heavy metals immobilization and improvement in maize (Zea mays L.) growth amended with biochar and compost. Scientific Reports 11, 18416.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Islam M, Sandhi A (2023) Heavy metal and drought stress in plants: the role of microbes—a review. Gesunde Pflanzen 75, 695-708.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Iwuozor KO, Ighalo JO, Emenike EC, Ogunfowora LA, Igwegbe CA (2021) Adsorption of methyl orange: a review on adsorbent performance. Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 4, 100179.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Jacoby R, Peukert M, Succurro A, Koprivova A, Kopriva S (2017) The role of soil microorganisms in plant mineral nutrition—current knowledge and future directions. Frontiers in Plant Science 8, 1617.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Jafri N, Wong WY, Doshi V, Yoon LW, Cheah KH (2018) A review on production and characterization of biochars for application in direct carbon fuel cells. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 118, 152-166.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Jaishankar M, Tseten T, Anbalagan N, Mathew BB, Beeregowda KN (2014) Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdisciplinary Toxicology 7, 60-72.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Janu R, Mrlik V, Ribitsch D, Hofman J, Sedláček P, Bielská L, Soja G (2021) Biochar surface functional groups as affected by biomass feedstock, biochar composition and pyrolysis temperature. Carbon Resources Conversion 4, 36-46.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Jarosławiecka AK, Piotrowska-Seget Z (2022) The effect of heavy metals on microbial communities in industrial soil in the area of Piekary Śląskie and Bukowno (Poland). Microbiology Research 13, 626-642.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Jatav HS, Singh SK (2019) Effect of biochar application in soil amended with Sewage sludge on growth, yield and uptake of primary nutrients in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 67, 115-119.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Jatav HS, Kumar S, Kumar V, Jayant H, Chattopadhya A, Dhawal SK, Singh YV (2017) Role of biochar: in agriculture sector its implication and perspective. International Journal of Chemical Studies 5, 14-18 Available at https://www.chemijournal.com/archives/?year=2017&vol=5&issue=2&ArticleId=410&si=false.
| Google Scholar |

Jatav HS, Singh SK, Singh Y, Kumar O (2018) Biochar and sewage sludge application increases yield and micronutrient uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 49, 1617-1628.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Jatav HS, Rajput VD, Minkina T, Singh SK, Chejara S, Gorovtsov A, Barakhov A, Bauer T, Sushkova S, Mandzhieva S, Burachevskaya M, Kalinitchenko VP (2021) Sustainable approach and safe use of biochar and its possible consequences. Sustainability 13, 10362.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Jiang T-Y, Jiang J, Xu R-K, Li Z (2012) Adsorption of Pb(II) on variable charge soils amended with rice-straw derived biochar. Chemosphere 89, 249-256.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Jiang S, Huang L, Nguyen TAH, Ok YS, Rudolph V, Yang H, Zhang D (2016) Copper and zinc adsorption by softwood and hardwood biochars under elevated sulphate-induced salinity and acidic pH conditions. Chemosphere 142, 64-71.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Jiang Y, Wang X, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Jin Z, Shan S, Ping L (2021) Effects of biochar application on enzyme activities in tea garden soil. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 9, 728530.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Jien S-H, Wang C-S (2013) Effects of biochar on soil properties and erosion potential in a highly weathered soil. CATENA 110, 225-233.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Jin J, Kang M, Sun K, Pan Z, Wu F, Xing B (2016) Properties of biochar-amended soils and their sorption of imidacloprid, isoproturon, and atrazine. Science of The Total Environment 550, 504-513.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Jing Y, Zhang Y, Han I, Wang P, Mei Q, Huang Y (2020) Effects of different straw biochars on soil organic carbon, nitrogen, available phosphorus, and enzyme activity in paddy soil. Scientific Reports 10, 8837.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Junaid M, Hashmi MZ, Tang YM, Malik RN, Pei DS (2017) Potential health risk of heavy metals in the leather manufacturing industries in Sialkot, Pakistan. Scientific Reports 7, 1-13.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Kalina M, Sovova S, Svec J, Trudicova M, Hajzler J, Kubikova L, Enev V (2022) The effect of pyrolysis temperature and the source biomass on the properties of biochar produced for the agronomical applications as the soil conditioner. Materials 15, 8855.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Kalus K, Koziel JA, Opaliński S (2019) A review of biochar properties and their utilization in crop agriculture and livestock production. Applied Sciences 9, 3494.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Kamarudin NS, Dahalan FA, Hasan M, An OS, Parmin NA, Ibrahim N, Hamdzah M, Zain NAM, Muda K, Wikurendra EA (2022) Biochar: a review of its history, characteristics, factors that influence its yield, methods of production, application in wastewater treatment and recent development. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry 12, 7914-7926.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Kandanelli R, Meesala L, Kumar J, Raju CSK, Peddy VCR, Gandham S, Kumar P (2018) Cost effective and practically viable oil spillage mitigation: comprehensive study with biochar. Marine Pollution Bulletin 128, 32-40.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Kandziora-Ciupa M, Nadgórska-Socha A, Barczyk G (2021) The influence of heavy metals on biological soil quality assessments in the Vaccinium myrtillus L. rhizosphere under different field conditions. Ecotoxicology 30, 292-310.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Kanianska R, Varga J, Benková N, Kizeková M, Jančová Ľ (2022) Floodplain soils contamination assessment using the sequential extraction method of heavy metals from past mining activities. Scientific Reports 12, 2927.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Kastner JR, Miller J, Geller DP, Locklin J, Keith LH, Johnson T (2012) Catalytic esterification of fatty acids using solid acid catalysts generated from biochar and activated carbon. Catalysis Today 190, 122-132.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Keskinen R, Hyväluoma J, Sohlo L, Help H, Rasa K (2019) Fertilizer and soil conditioner value of broiler manure biochars. Biochar 1, 259-270.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Khan I, Awan SA, Rizwan M, Ali S, Hassan MJ, Brestic M, Zhang X, Huang L (2021) Effects of silicon on heavy metal uptake at the soil-plant interphase: a review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 222, 112510.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Kheir AMS, Ali EF, Ahmed M, Eissa MA, Majrashi A, Ali OAM (2021) Biochar blended humate and vermicompost enhanced immobilization of heavy metals, improved wheat productivity, and minimized human health risks in different contaminated environments. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9, 105700.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Kim HS, Kim KR, Yang JE, Ok YS, Owens G, Nehls T, Wessolek G, Kim KH (2016) Effect of biochar on reclaimed tidal land soil properties and maize (Zea mays L.) response. Chemosphere 142, 153-159.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Knoblauch C, Priyadarshani SHR, Haefele SM, Schröder N, Pfeiffer EM (2021) Impact of biochar on nutrient supply, crop yield and microbial respiration on sandy soils of northern Germany. European Journal of Soil Science 72, 1885-1901.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Kobielska PA, Howarth AJ, Farha OK, Nayak S (2018) Metal–organic frameworks for heavy metal removal from water. Coordination Chemistry Reviews 358, 92-107.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Kocsis T, Kotroczó Z, Kardos L, Biró B (2020) Optimization of increasing biochar doses with soil–plant–microbial functioning and nutrient uptake of maize. Environmental Technology & Innovation 20, 101191.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Kocsis T, Ringer M, Biró B (2022) Characteristics and applications of biochar in soil–plant systems: a short review of benefits and potential drawbacks. Applied Sciences 12, 4051.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Kononchuk O, Pidlisnyuk V, Mamirova A, Khomenchuk V, Herts A, Grycová B, Klemencová K, Leštinský P, Shapoval P (2022) Evaluation of the impact of varied biochars produced from M. × giganteus waste and application rate on the soil properties and physiological parameters of Spinacia oleracea L. Environmental Technology & Innovation 28, 102898.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Koyama S, Inazaki F, Minamikawa K, Kato M, Hayashi H (2015) Increase in soil carbon sequestration using rice husk charcoal without stimulating CH₄ and N₂O emissions in an Andosol paddy field in Japan. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 61, 873-884.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Kumar S, Loganathan VA, Gupta RB, Barnett MO (2011) An Assessment of U(VI) removal from groundwater using biochar produced from hydrothermal carbonization. Journal of Environmental Management 92, 2504-2512.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Kumar A, Kumar A, Cabral-Pinto MMS, Chaturvedi AK, Shabnam AA, Subrahmanyam G, Mondal R, Gupta DK, Malyan SK, Kumar SS, Khan SA, Yadav KK (2020a) Lead toxicity: health hazards, influence on food chain, and sustainable remediation approaches. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, 2179.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Kumar A, Saini K, Bhaskar T (2020b) Advances in design strategies for preparation of biochar based catalytic system for production of high value chemicals. Bioresource Technology 299, 122564.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Kumar M, Seth A, Singh AK, Rajput MS, Sikandar M (2021) Remediation strategies for heavy metals contaminated ecosystem: a review. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators 12, 100155.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Kumar A, Bhattacharya T, Mukherjee S, Sarkar B (2022) A perspective on biochar for repairing damages in the soil–plant system caused by climate change-driven extreme weather events. Biochar 4, 22.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Kumari S, Mishra A, Kumari S, Mishra A (2021) Heavy metal contamination. ‘Soil contamination - threats and sustainable solutions.’ (Eds ML Larramendy, S Soloneski) (IntechOpen: London, UK) doi:10.5772/INTECHOPEN.93412

Kumari K, Kumar R, Bordoloi N, Minkina T, Keswani C, Bauddh K (2023) Unravelling the recent developments in the production technology and efficient applications of biochar for agro-ecosystems. Agriculture 13, 512.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Köninger J, Lugato E, Panagos P, Kochupillai M, Orgiazzi A, Briones MJI (2021) Manure management and soil biodiversity: towards more sustainable food systems in the EU. Agricultural Systems 194, 103251.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Lai W, Wu Y, Zhang C, Dilinuer Y, Pasang L, Lu Y, Wang Y, Chen H, Li Z (2022) Combination of biochar and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria to improve the stable form of toxic metal minerals and microbial abundance in lead/cadmium-contaminated soil. Agronomy 12, 1003.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Lan Z, Chen C, Rezaei Rashti M, Yang H, Zhang D (2018) High pyrolysis temperature biochars reduce nitrogen availability and nitrous oxide emissions from an acid soil. GCB Bioenergy 10, 930-945.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Lateef A, Nazir R, Jamil N, Alam S, Shah R, Khan MN, Saleem M, Rehman S ur (2019) Synthesis and characterization of environmental friendly corncob biochar based nano-composite – a potential slow release nano-fertilizer for sustainable agriculture. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management 11, 100212.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Lee SH, Kim MS, Kim JG, Kim SO (2020) Use of soil enzymes as indicators for contaminated soil monitoring and sustainable management. Sustainability 12, 8209.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Li H, Liu Y, Chen Y, Wang S, Wang M, Xie T, Wang G (2016) Biochar amendment immobilizes lead in rice paddy soils and reduces its phytoavailability. Scientific Reports 6, 31616.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Li YY, Zhang TT, Ning Z, Chen JH (2020) Characteristics and applications of sewage sludge biochar modified by ferrous sulfate for remediating Cr(VI)-contaminated soils. Advances in Civil Engineering 2020, 6521638.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Li M, Xiong Y, Cai L (2021) Effects of biochar on the soil carbon cycle in agroecosystems: an promising way to increase the carbon pool in Dryland. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 693, 012082.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Li Q, Wang Y, Li Y, Li L, Tang M, Hu W, Chen L, Ai S (2022a) Speciation of heavy metals in soils and their immobilization at micro-scale interfaces among diverse soil components. Science of The Total Environment 825, 153862.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Li Q, Cui K, Lv J, Zhang J, Peng C, Li Y, Gu Z, Song X (2022b) Biochar amendments increase soil organic carbon storage and decrease global warming potentials of soil CH₄ and N₂O under N addition in a subtropical Moso bamboo plantation. Forest Ecosystems 9, 100054.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Li W, Wang W, Sun R, Li M, Liu H, Shi Y, Zhu D, Li J, Ma L, Fu S (2023) Influence of nitrogen addition on the functional diversity and biomass of fine roots in warm-temperate and subtropical forests. Forest Ecology and Management 545, 121309.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Liang M, Lu L, He H, Li J, Zhu Z, Zhu Y (2021a) Applications of biochar and modified biochar in heavy metal contaminated soil: a descriptive review. Sustainability 13, 14041.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Liang L, Xi F, Tan W, Meng X, Hu B, Wang X (2021b) Review of organic and inorganic pollutants removal by biochar and biochar-based composites. Biochar 3, 255-281.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Liao W, Thomas SC (2019) Biochar particle size and post-pyrolysis mechanical processing affect soil pH, water retention capacity, and plant performance. Soil Systems 3, 14.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Lim TJ, Spokas KA, Feyereisen GW, Weis R, Koskinen WC (2017) Influence of biochar particle size and shape on soil hydraulic properties. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering Technology 5, 8-15.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Lin Q, Tan X, Almatrafi E, Yang Y, Wang W, Luo H, Qin F, Zhou C, Zeng G, Zhang C (2022) Effects of biochar-based materials on the bioavailability of soil organic pollutants and their biological impacts. Science of The Total Environment 826, 153956.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Liu Z, Dugan B, Masiello CA, Gonnermann HM (2017a) Biochar particle size, shape, and porosity act together to influence soil water properties. PLoS ONE 12, e0179079.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Liu S, Xu WH, Liu YG, Tan XF, Zeng GM, Li X, Liang J, Zhou Z, Yan ZL, Cai XC (2017b) Facile synthesis of Cu(II) impregnated biochar with enhanced adsorption activity for the removal of doxycycline hydrochloride from water. Science of The Total Environment 592, 546-553.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Liu Y, Ma S, Chen J (2018) A novel pyro-hydrochar via sequential carbonization of biomass waste: preparation, characterization and adsorption capacity. Journal of Cleaner Production 176, 187-195.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Liu S, Liu Y, Tan X, Liu S, Li M, Liu N, Yin Z, Tian S, Zhou Y (2019) Facile synthesis of MnOx-loaded biochar for the removal of doxycycline hydrochloride: effects of ambient conditions and co-existing heavy metals. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 94, 2187-2197.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Liu S, Pu S, Deng D, Huang H, Yan C, Ma H, Razavi BS (2020) Comparable effects of manure and its biochar on reducing soil Cr bioavailability and narrowing the rhizosphere extent of enzyme activities. Environment International 134, 105277.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Liu J, Wang F, Xu W (2023) Characteristics of zinc adsorption onto biochars derived from different feedstocks. Water 15, 3789.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Losacco D, Tumolo M, Cotugno P, Leone N, Massarelli C, Convertini S, Tursi A, Uricchio VF, Ancona V (2022) Use of biochar to improve the sustainable crop production of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.). Plants 11, 1182.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Lu H, Bian R, Xia X, Cheng K, Liu X, Liu Y, Wang P, Li Z, Zheng J, Zhang X, Li L, Joseph S, Drosos M, Pan G (2020) Legacy of soil health improvement with carbon increase following one time amendment of biochar in a paddy soil – a rice farm trial. Geoderma 376, 114567.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Lu X, Yin Y, Li S, Ma H, Gao R, Yin Y (2021) Effects of biochar feedstock and pyrolysis temperature on soil organic matter mineralization and microbial community structures of forest soils. Frontiers in Environmental Science 9, 717041.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Lu Y, Cheng J, Wang J, Zhang F, Tian Y, Liu C, Cao L, Zhou Y (2022a) Efficient remediation of cadmium contamination in soil by functionalized biochar: recent advances, challenges, and future prospects. Processes 10, 1627.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Lu Y, Silveira ML, O’Connor GA, Vendramini JMB, Li YC (2022b) Biochar type and application methods affected nitrogen and phosphorus leaching from a sandy soil amended with inorganic fertilizers and biosolids. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment 5, e20236.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Luo Y, Jiao Y, Zhao X, Li G, Zhao L, Meng H (2014) Improvement to maize growth caused by biochars derived from six feedstocks prepared at three different temperatures. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 13, 533-540.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Lwin CS, Seo BH, Kim HU, Owens G, Kim KR (2018) Application of soil amendments to contaminated soils for heavy metal immobilization and improved soil quality—a critical review. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 64, 156-167.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Ma H, Egamberdieva D, Wirth S, Bellingrath-Kimura SD (2019) Effect of biochar and irrigation on soybean-rhizobium symbiotic performance and soil enzymatic activity in field Rhizosphere. Agronomy 9, 626.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Ma J, Li J, Weng L, Ouyang X, Chen Y, Li Y (2023) Phosphorus-enhanced and calcium-retarded transport of ferrihydrite colloid: mechanism of electrostatic potential changes regulated via adsorption speciation. Environmental Science and Technology 57, 4219-4230.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Magne TM, de Oliveira Vieira T, Alencar LMR, Junior FFM, Gemini-Piperni S, Carneiro SV, Fechine LMUD, Freire RM, Golokhvast K, Metrangolo P, Fechine PBA, Santos-Oliveira R (2021) Graphene and its derivatives: understanding the main chemical and medicinal chemistry roles for biomedical applications. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry 12, 693-727.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Mai TP, Nguyen DQ (2020) Gasification of biomass. In ‘Biotechnological applications of biomass.’ (Eds TP Basso, TO Basso, LC Basso) (IntechOpen: London, UK) doi:10.5772/INTECHOPEN.93954

Mak-Mensah E, Sam FE, Safnat Kaito IOI, Zhao W, Zhang D, Zhou X, Wang X, Zhao X, Wang Q (2021) Influence of tied-ridge with biochar amendment on runoff, sediment losses, and alfalfa yield in northwestern China. PeerJ 9, e11889.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Maleki Shahraki Z, Mao X (2022) Biochar application in biofiltration systems to remove nutrients, pathogens, and pharmaceutical and personal care products from wastewater. Journal of Environmental Quality 51, 129-151.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Mamvura TA, Danha G (2020) Biomass torrefaction as an emerging technology to aid in energy production. Heliyon 6, e03531.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Mani S, Kastner JR, Juneja A (2013) Catalytic decomposition of toluene using a biomass derived catalyst. Fuel Processing Technology 114, 118-125.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Manikandan SK, Pallavi P, Shetty K, Bhattacharjee D, Giannakoudakis DA, Katsoyiannis IA, Nair V (2023) Effective usage of biochar and microorganisms for the removal of heavy metal ions and pesticides. Molecules 28, 719.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Manisalidis I, Stavropoulou E, Stavropoulos A, Bezirtzoglou E (2020) Environmental and health impacts of air pollution: a review. Frontiers in Public Health 8, 14.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Maniscalco MP, Volpe M, Messineo A (2020) Hydrothermal carbonization as a valuable tool for energy and environmental applications: a review. Energies 13, 4098.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Mannan MA, Mia S, Halder E, Dijkstra FA (2021) Biochar application rate does not improve plant water availability in soybean under drought stress. Agricultural Water Management 253, 106940.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Mansoor S, Kour N, Manhas S, Zahid S, Wani OA, Sharma V, Wijaya L, Alyemeni MN, Alsahli AA, El-Serehy HA, Paray BA, Ahmad P (2021) Biochar as a tool for effective management of drought and heavy metal toxicity. Chemosphere 271, 129458.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Maphuhla NG, Lewu FB, Oyedeji OO (2022) Enzyme activities in reduction of heavy metal pollution from alice landfill site in Eastern Cape, South Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, 12054.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Martinsen V, Alling V, Nurida NL, Mulder J, Hale SE, Ritz C, Rutherford DW, Heikens A, Breedveld GD, Cornelissen G (2015) pH effects of the addition of three biochars to acidic Indonesian mineral soils. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 61, 821-834.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Martínez-Gómez Á, Poveda J, Escobar C (2022) Overview of the use of biochar from main cereals to stimulate plant growth. Frontiers in Plant Science 13, 912264.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Masoumi S, Borugadda VB, Nanda S, Dalai AK (2021) Hydrochar: a review on its production technologies and applications. Catalysts 11, 939.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Matayeva A, Basile F, Cavani F, Bianchi D, Chiaberge S (2019) Development of upgraded bio-oil via liquefaction and pyrolysis. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 178, 231-256.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Matuštík J, Pohořelý M, Kočí V (2022) Is application of biochar to soil really carbon negative? The effect of methodological decisions in Life Cycle Assessment. Science of The Total Environment 807, 151058.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Mazarji M, Bayero MT, Minkina T, Sushkova S, Mandzhieva S, Tereshchenko A, Timofeeva A, Bauer T, Burachevskaya M, Kızılkaya R, Gülser C, Keswani C (2021) Realizing united nations sustainable development goals for greener remediation of heavy metals-contaminated soils by biochar: emerging trends and future directions. Sustainability 13, 13825.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Medfu Tarekegn M, Zewdu Salilih F, Ishetu AI (2020) Microbes used as a tool for bioremediation of heavy metal from the environment. Cogent Food & Agriculture 6, 1783174.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Medyńska-Juraszek M, Rivier P-A, Rasse D, Joner EJ (2020) Biochar affects heavy metal uptake in plants through interactions in the rhizosphere. Applied Sciences 10, 5105.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Medyńska-Juraszek A, Latawiec A, Królczyk J, Bogacz A, Kawałko D, Bednik M, Dudek M (2021) Biochar improves maize growth but has a limited effect on soil properties: evidence from a three-year field experiment. Sustainability 13, 3617.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Mishra A, Gautam S, Sharma T (2018) Effect of operating parameters on coal gasification. International Journal of Coal Science and Technology 5, 113-125.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Mitra A, Sen IS (2017) Anthrobiogeochemical platinum, palladium and rhodium cycles of earth: emerging environmental contamination. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 216, 417-432.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Mitra S, Chakraborty AJ, Tareq AM, Emran TB, Nainu F, Khusro A, Idris AM, Khandaker MU, Osman H, Alhumaydhi FA, Simal-Gandara J (2022) Impact of heavy metals on the environment and human health: novel therapeutic insights to counter the toxicity. Journal of King Saud University - Science 34, 101865.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Mlonka-Mędrala A, Sieradzka M, Magdziarz A (2022) Thermal upgrading of hydrochar from anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste organic fraction. Fuel 324, 124435.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Mohammadi A, Anukam AI, Granström K, Eskandari S, Zywalewska M, Sandberg M, Aladejana EB (2022) Effects of wood ash on physicochemical and morphological characteristics of sludge-derived hydrochar pellets relevant to soil and energy applications. Biomass and Bioenergy 163, 106531.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Mollick MOA, Paul AK, Alam I, Sumon MM (2020) Effect of biochar on yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum) Tuber. International Journal of Bio-Resource and Stress Management 11, 445-450.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Moon DH, Hwang I, Chang YY, Koutsospyros A, Cheong KH, Ji WH, Park JH (2017) Quality improvement of acidic soils by biochar derived from renewable materials. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, 4194-4199.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Mosharrof M, Uddin MK, Sulaiman MF, Mia S, Shamsuzzaman SM, Haque ANA (2021) Combined application of biochar and lime increases maize yield and accelerates carbon loss from an acidic soil. Agronomy 11, 1313.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Mp D, Misra M, Mohanty AK (2023) Recent advances on value-added biocarbon preparation by the pyrolysis of renewable and waste biomass, their structure and properties: a move toward an ecofriendly alternative to carbon black. Environmental Science: Advances 2, 1282-1301.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Muhammad N, Ge L, Khan MH, Chan WP, Bilal M, Lisak G, Nafees M (2021) Effects of different biochars on physicochemical properties and immobilization of potentially toxic elements in soil – a geostatistical approach. Chemosphere 277, 130350.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Mukherjee A, Lal R (2013) Biochar Impacts on Soil Physical Properties and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Agronomy 3, 313-339.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Mukherjee S, Sarkar B, Aralappanavar VK, Mukhopadhyay R, Basak BB, Srivastava P, Marchut-Mikołajczyk O, Bhatnagar A, Semple KT, Bolan N (2022) Biochar-microorganism interactions for organic pollutant remediation: challenges and perspectives. Environmental Pollution 308, 119609.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Mukome FND, Zhang X, Silva LCR, Six J, Parikh SJ (2013) Use of chemical and physical characteristics to investigate trends in biochar feedstocks. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 61, 2196-2204.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Murtaza G, Ahmed Z, Eldin SM, Ali I, Usman M, Iqbal R, Rizwan M, Abdel-Hameed UK, Haider AA, Tariq A (2023) Biochar as a green sorbent for remediation of polluted soils and associated toxicity risks: a critical review. Separations 10, 197.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Méndez A, Gómez A, Paz-Ferreiro J, Gascó G (2012) Effects of sewage sludge biochar on plant metal availability after application to a Mediterranean soil. Chemosphere 89, 1354-1359.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Méndez A, Paz-Ferreiro J, Gil E, Gascó G (2015) The effect of paper sludge and biochar addition on brown peat and coir based growing media properties. Scientia Horticulturae 193, 225-230.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Narayanan M, Ma Y (2022) Influences of Biochar on bioremediation/phytoremediation potential of metal-contaminated soils. Frontiers in Microbiology 13, 929730.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Nartey OD, Zhao B (2014) Biochar preparation, characterization, and adsorptive capacity and its effect on bioavailability of contaminants: an overview. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014, 715398.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Ndirangu SM, Liu Y, Xu K, Song S (2019) Risk evaluation of pyrolyzed biochar from multiple wastes. Journal of Chemistry 2019, 4506314.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Ndoung OCN, Figueiredo CC de, Ramos MLG (2021) A scoping review on biochar-based fertilizers: enrichment techniques and agro-environmental application. Heliyon 7, e08473.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Nedjimi B (2021) Phytoremediation: a sustainable environmental technology for heavy metals decontamination. SN Applied Sciences 3, 286.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Nguyen HN, Pignatello JJ (2013) Laboratory tests of biochars as absorbents for use in recovery or containment of marine crude oil spills. Environmental Engineering Science 30, 374-380.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Nie C, Yang X, Niazi NK, Xu X, Wen Y, Rinklebe J, Ok YS, Xu S, Wang H (2018) Impact of sugarcane bagasse-derived biochar on heavy metal availability and microbial activity: a field study. Chemosphere 200, 274-282.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Nie S, Mo S, Gao T, Yan B, Shen P, Kashif M, Zhang Z, Li J, Jiang C (2023) Coupling effects of nitrate reduction and sulfur oxidation in a subtropical marine mangrove ecosystem with Spartina alterniflora invasion. Science of The Total Environment 862, 160930.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Nkoh JN, Baquy MAA, Mia S, Shi R, Kamran MA, Mehmood K, Xu R (2021) A critical-systematic review of the interactions of biochar with soils and the observable outcomes. Sustainability 13, 13726.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Nkoh JN, Ajibade FO, Atakpa EO, Baquy MA-A, Mia S, Odii EC, Xu R (2022) Reduction of heavy metal uptake from polluted soils and associated health risks through biochar amendment: a critical synthesis. Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances 6, 100086.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Okereafor U, Makhatha M, Mekuto L, Uche-Okereafor N, Sebola T, Mavumengwana V (2020) Toxic metal implications on agricultural soils, plants, animals, aquatic life and human health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, 2204.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Oladele SO (2019) Effect of biochar amendment on soil enzymatic activities, carboxylate secretions and upland rice performance in a sandy clay loam Alfisol of Southwest Nigeria. Scientific African 4, e00107.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Olaniran AO, Balgobind A, Pillay B (2013) Bioavailability of heavy metals in soil: impact on microbial biodegradation of organic compounds and possible improvement strategies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14, 10197-10228.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Olowoyo JO, Mugivhisa LL (2019) Evidence of uptake of different pollutants in plants harvested from soil treated and fertilized with organic materials as source of soil nutrients from developing countries. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture 6, 28.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Oni BA, Oziegbe O, Olawole OO (2019) Significance of biochar application to the environment and economy. Annals of Agricultural Sciences 64, 222-236.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Orisaleye JI, Jekayinfa SO, Pecenka R, Ogundare AA, Akinseloyin MO, Fadipe OL (2022) Investigation of the effects of torrefaction temperature and residence time on the fuel quality of corncobs in a fixed-bed reactor. Energies 15, 5284.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Osman AI, Fawzy S, Farghali M, El-Azazy M, Elgarahy AM, Fahim RA, Maksoud MIAA, Ajlan AA, Yousry M, Saleem Y, Rooney DW (2022) Biochar for agronomy, animal farming, anaerobic digestion, composting, water treatment, soil remediation, construction, energy storage, and carbon sequestration: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters 20, 2385-2485.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Ouyang P, Narayanan M, Shi X, Chen X, Li Z, Luo Y, Ma Y (2023) Integrating biochar and bacteria for sustainable remediation of metal-contaminated soils. Biochar 5, 63.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Paetsch L, Mueller CW, Kögel-Knabner I, von Lützow M, Girardin C, Rumpel C (2018) Effect of in-situ aged and fresh biochar on soil hydraulic conditions and microbial C use under drought conditions. Scientific Reports 8, 6852.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Palansooriya KN, Li J, Dissanayake PD, Suvarna M, Li L, Yuan X, Sarkar B, Tsang DCW, Rinklebe J, Wang X, Ok YS (2022) Prediction of soil heavy metal immobilization by biochar using machine learning. Environmental Science and Technology 56, 4187-4198.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Pan H, Yang X, Chen H, Sarkar B, Bolan N, Shaheen SM, Wu F, Che L, Ma Y, Rinklebe J, Wang H (2021) Pristine and iron-engineered animal- and plant-derived biochars enhanced bacterial abundance and immobilized arsenic and lead in a contaminated soil. Science of the Total Environment 763, 144218.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Pande A, Mun BG, Methela NJ, Rahim W, Lee DS, Lee GM, Hong JK, Hussain A, Loake G, Yun BW (2022) Heavy metal toxicity in plants and the potential NO-releasing novel techniques as the impending mitigation alternatives. Frontiers in Plant Science 13, 3718.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Pandey M, Tirkey A, Tiwari A, Lee SS, Dubey R, Kim KH, Pandey SK (2022) The environmental significance of contaminants of concern in the soil–vegetable interface: sources, accumulation, health risks, and mitigation through biochar. Sustainability 14, 14539.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Pandit NR, Mulder J, Hale SE, Martinsen V, Schmidt HP, Cornelissen G (2018) Biochar improves maize growth by alleviation of nutrient stress in a moderately acidic low-input Nepalese soil. Science of The Total Environment 625, 1380-1389.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Papadaki MI, Mendoza-Castillo DI, Reynel-Avila HE, Bonilla-Petriciolet A, Georgopoulos S (2021) Nut Shells as Adsorbents of Pollutants: Research and Perspectives. Frontiers in Chemical Engineering 3, 640983.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Pasricha S, Mathur V, Garg A, Lenka S, Verma K, Agarwal S (2021) Molecular mechanisms underlying heavy metal uptake, translocation and tolerance in hyperaccumulators-an analysis: heavy metal tolerance in hyperaccumulators. Environmental Challenges 4, 100197.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Patwardhan SB, Pandit S, Kumar Gupta P, Kumar Jha N, Rawat J, Joshi HC, Priya K, Gupta M, Lahiri D, Nag M, Kumar Thakur V, Kumar Kesari K (2022) Recent advances in the application of biochar in microbial electrochemical cells. Fuel 311, 122501.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Pecha MB, Garcia-Perez M (2020) Pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: oil, char, and gas. Bioenergy: Biomass to Biofuels and Waste to Energy 2020, 581-619.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Phares CA, Atiah K, Frimpong KA, Danquah A, Asare AT, Aggor-Woananu S (2020) Application of biochar and inorganic phosphorus fertilizer influenced rhizosphere soil characteristics, nodule formation and phytoconstituents of cowpea grown on tropical soil. Heliyon 6, e05255.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Phares CA, Amoakwah E, Danquah A, Afrifa A, Beyaw LR, Frimpong KA (2022) Biochar and NPK fertilizer co-applied with plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) enhanced maize grain yield and nutrient use efficiency of inorganic fertilizer. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research 10, 100434.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Phuong NTK, Khoi CM, Ritz K, Van Sinh N, Tarao M, Toyota K (2020) Potential use of rice husk biochar and compost to improve P availability and reduce GHG emissions in acid sulfate soil. Agronomy 10, 685.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Pourret O, Houben D (2018) Characterization of metal binding sites onto biochar using rare earth elements as a fingerprint. Heliyon 4, e00543.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Pradhan S, Mackey HR, Al-Ansari TA, McKay G (2022) Biochar from food waste: a sustainable amendment to reduce water stress and improve the growth of chickpea plants. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 12, 4549-4562.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Prieto-Fernández Á, Carballas M, Carballas T (2004) Inorganic and organic N pools in soils burned or heated: immediate alterations and evolution after forest wildfires. Geoderma 121, 291-306.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Puga AP, Abreu CA, Melo LCA, Beesley L (2015) Biochar application to a contaminated soil reduces the availability and plant uptake of zinc, lead and cadmium. Journal of Environmental Management 159, 86-93.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Qambrani NA, Rahman MM, Won S, Shim S, Ra C (2017) Biochar properties and eco-friendly applications for climate change mitigation, waste management, and wastewater treatment: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 79, 255-273.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Qi X, Xiao S, Chen X, Ali I, Gou J, Wang D, Zhu B, Zhu W, Shang R, Han M (2022) Biochar-based microbial agent reduces U and Cd accumulation in vegetables and improves rhizosphere microecology. Journal of Hazardous Materials 436, 129147.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Qian K, Kumar A (2015) Reforming of lignin-derived tars over char-based catalyst using Py-GC/MS. Fuel 162, 47-54.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Qian W, Liang JY, Zhang WX, Huang ST, Diao ZH (2022) A porous biochar supported nanoscale zero-valent iron material highly efficient for the simultaneous remediation of cadmium and lead contaminated soil. Journal of Environmental Sciences 113, 231-241.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Qin Y, Huang C, Huang G, Li H, Shohag MJI, Gu M, Shen F, Lu D, Zhang M, Wei Y (2023) Relative bioavailability of selenium in rice using a rat model and its application to human health risk assessment. Environmental Pollution 338, 122675.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Qiu Z, Yinghua Z, Xiu Z, Jing S (2021) Effects of biochar on bacterial genetic diversity in soil contaminated with cadmium. Soil Use and Management 37, 289-298.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Qiu M, Liu L, Ling Q, Cai Y, Yu S, Wang S, Fu D, Hu B, Wang X (2022) Biochar for the removal of contaminants from soil and water: a review. Biochar 4, 19.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Qurat-ul-Ain, Shafiq M, Capareda SC, Firdaus-e-Bareen (2021) Effect of different temperatures on the properties of pyrolysis products of Parthenium hysterophorus. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 25, 101197.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Radziemska M, Gusiatin MZ, Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A, Blazejczyk A, Kumar V, Kintl A, Brtnicky M (2022) Effect of biochar on metal distribution and microbiome dynamic of a phytostabilized metalloid-contaminated soil following freeze–thaw cycles. Materials 15, 3801.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Rahman MM, Das AK, Sultana S, Ghosh PK, Islam MR, Keya SS, Ahmed M, Nihad SAI, Khan MAR, Lovell MC, Rahman MA, Ahsan SM, Anik TR, Fnu P, Tran LSP, Mostofa MG (2023) Biochar potentially enhances maize tolerance to arsenic toxicity by improving physiological and biochemical responses to excessive arsenate. Biochar 5, 71.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Raklami A, Meddich A, Oufdou K, Baslam M (2022) Plants-microorganisms-based bioremediation for heavy metal cleanup: recent developments, phytoremediation techniques, regulation mechanisms, and molecular responses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, 5031.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Ramos-Carmona S, Martínez JD, Pérez JF (2018) Torrefaction of patula pine under air conditions: a chemical and structural characterization. Industrial Crops and Products 118, 302-310.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Rasa K, Heikkinen J, Hannula M, Arstila K, Kulju S, Hyväluoma J (2018) How and why does willow biochar increase a clay soil water retention capacity? Biomass and Bioenergy 119, 346-353.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Rasse DP, Weldon S, Joner EJ, Joseph S, Kammann CI, Liu X, O’toole A, Pan G, Pelin Kocatürk-Schumacher N (2022) Enhancing plant N uptake with biochar-based fertilizers: limitation of sorption and prospects. Plant and Soil 475, 213-236.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Rawat J, Saxena J, Sanwal P, Rawat J, Saxena J, Sanwal P (2019) Biochar: a sustainable approach for improving plant growth and soil properties. In ‘Biochar - an imperative amendment for soil and the environment’. (Ed. V Abrol, P Sharma) (IntechOpen: London, UK) doi:10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82151

Rizwan M, Murtaza G, Zulfiqar F, Moosa A, Iqbal R, Ahmed Z, Irshad S, Khan I, Li T, Chen J, Zhang M, Siddique KHM, Leng L, Li H (2023) Sustainable manufacture and application of biochar to improve soil properties and remediate soil contaminated with organic impurities: a systematic review. Frontiers in Environmental Science 11, 1277240.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Rodríguez-Vila A, Atuah L, Abubakari AH, Atorqui DW, Abdul-Karim A, Coole S, Hammond J, Robinson S, Sizmur T (2022) Effect of biochar on micronutrient availability and uptake into leafy greens in two urban tropical soils with contrasting soil pH. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 6, 164.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Rombel A, Krasucka P, Oleszczuk P (2022) Sustainable biochar-based soil fertilizers and amendments as a new trend in biochar research. Science of The Total Environment 816, 151588.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Rombolà AG, Greggio N, Fabbri D, Facchin A, Torri C, Pulcher R, Carlini C, Balugani E, Marazza D, Zannoni D, Buscaroli A (2023) Changes of labile, stable and water-soluble fractions of biochar after two years in a vineyard soil. Environmental Science: Advances 2, 1587-1599.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Roy H, Islam MS, Arifin MT, Firoz SH (2022) Synthesis, characterization and sorption properties of biochar, chitosan and ZnO-based binary composites towards a cationic dye. Sustainability 14, 14571.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Ruiz-Dueñas FJ, Martínez ÁT (2009) Microbial degradation of lignin: how a bulky recalcitrant polymer is efficiently recycled in nature and how we can take advantage of this. Microbial Biotechnology 2, 164-167.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Sadowska U, Domagała-światkiewicz I, Żabiński A (2020) Biochar and its effects on plant–soil macronutrient cycling during a three-year field trial on sandy soil with peppermint (Mentha piperita l.). Part I: yield and macro element content in soil and plant biomass. Agronomy 10, 1950.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Salam AK (2022) The potential roles of biochar in restoring heavy-metal-polluted tropical soils and plant growth. In ‘Biochar – productive technologies, properties and applications’. (Eds M Bartoli, M Giorcelli, A Tagliaferro) (IntechOpen: London, UK) doi:10.5772/INTECHOPEN.105791

Samsuri AW, Fahmi AH, Jol H, Daljit S (2020) Particle size and rate of biochar affected the phytoavailability of Cd and Pb by mustard plants grown in contaminated soils. International Journal of Phytoremediation 22, 567-577.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Samuel Olugbenga O, Goodness Adeleye P, Blessing Oladipupo S, Timothy Adeleye A, Igenepo John K (2023) Biomass-derived biochar in wastewater treatment – a circular economy approach. Waste Management Bulletin 1, 1-14.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Santos RV, Mendes MAA, Alexandre C, Carrott MR, Rodrigues A, Ferreira AF (2022) Assessment of biomass and biochar of maritime pine as a porous medium for water retention in soils. Energies 15, 5882.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Sarfaraz Q, Silva LS, Drescher GL, Zafar M, Severo FF, Kokkonen A, Molin GD, Shafi MI, Shafique Q, Solaiman ZM (2020) Characterization and carbon mineralization of biochars produced from different animal manures and plant residues. Scientific Reports 10, 955.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Sayqal A, Ahmed OB (2021) Advances in heavy metal bioremediation: an overview. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2021, 1609149.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Selvi A, Rajasekar A, Theerthagiri J, Ananthaselvam A, Sathishkumar K, Madhavan J, Rahman PKSM (2019) Integrated remediation processes toward heavy metal removal/recovery from various environments-a review. Frontiers in Environmental Science 7, 66.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Semida WM, Beheiry HR, Sétamou M, Simpson CR, Abd El-Mageed TA, Rady MM, Nelson SD (2019) Biochar implications for sustainable agriculture and environment: a review. South African Journal of Botany 127, 333-347.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Seneviratne M, Gunaratne S, Bandara T, Weerasundara L, Rajakaruna N, Seneviratne G, Vithanage M (2016) Plant growth promotion by Bradyrhizobium japonicum under heavy metal stress. South African Journal of Botany 105, 19-24.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Seow YX, Tan YH, Mubarak NM, Kansedo J, Khalid M, Ibrahim ML, Ghasemi M (2022) A review on biochar production from different biomass wastes by recent carbonization technologies and its sustainable applications. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 10, 107017.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Seshadri B, Bolan NS, Naidu R (2015) Rhizosphere-induced heavy metal(Loid) transformation in relation to bioavailability and remediation. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 15, 524-548.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Shackley S, Sohi S, Ibarrola R, Hammond J, Mašek O, Brownsort P, Cross A, Prendergast-Miller M, Haszeldine S (2012) Biochar, tool for climate change mitigation and soil management. In ‘Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology’. (Ed. RA Meyers) pp. 845–893. (Springer: New York, NY) doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_386

Sharma P, Abrol V, Sharma V, Chaddha S, Srinivasa Rao C, Ganie AQ, Ingo Hefft D, El-Sheikh MA, Mansoor S (2021) Effectiveness of biochar and compost on improving soil hydro-physical properties, crop yield and monetary returns in inceptisol subtropics. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28, 7539-7549.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

She D, Sun X, Gamareldawla AHD, Nazar EA, Hu W, Edith K, Yu S (2018) Benefits of soil biochar amendments to tomato growth under saline water irrigation. Scientific Reports 8, 14743.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Shi W, Ju Y, Bian R, Li L, Joseph S, Mitchell DRG, Munroe P, Taherymoosavi S, Pan G (2020) Biochar bound urea boosts plant growth and reduces nitrogen leaching. Science of The Total Environment 701, 134424.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Shi Y, Zang Y, Yang H, Zhang X, Shi J, Zhang J, Liu B (2022) Biochar enhanced phytostabilization of heavy metal contaminated mine tailings: a review. Frontiers in Environmental Science 10, 1044921.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Shim T, Yoo J, Ryu C, Park YK, Jung J (2015) Effect of steam activation of biochar produced from a giant Miscanthus on copper sorption and toxicity. Bioresource Technology 197, 85-90.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Sikder S, Joardar JC (2019) Biochar production from poultry litter as management approach and effects on plant growth. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 8, 47-58.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Singh Karam D, Nagabovanalli P, Sundara Rajoo K, Fauziah Ishak C, Abdu A, Rosli Z, Melissa Muharam F, Zulperi D (2022) An overview on the preparation of rice husk biochar, factors affecting its properties, and its agriculture application. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 21, 149-159.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Singh S, Parihar P, Singh R, Singh VP, Prasad SM (2015) Heavy metal tolerance in plants: role of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and ionomics. Frontiers in Plant Science 6, 1143.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Singh H, Northup BK, Rice CW, Prasad PVV (2022) Biochar applications influence soil physical and chemical properties, microbial diversity, and crop productivity: a meta-analysis. Biochar 4, 8.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Smith AT, LaChance AM, Zeng S, Liu B, Sun L (2019) Synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide and their nanocomposites. Nano Materials Science 1, 31-47.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Sobik-Szołtysek J, Wystalska K, Malińska K, Meers E (2021) Influence of pyrolysis temperature on the heavy metal sorption capacity of biochar from poultry manure. Materials 14, 6566.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Sohi SP, Krull E, Lopez-Capel E, Bol R (2010) A review of biochar and its use and function in soil. Advances in Agronomy 105, 47-82.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Solaiman ZM, Anawar HM (2015) Application of biochars for soil constraints: challenges and solutions. Pedosphere 25, 631-638.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Soliman MH, Alnusairi GSH, Khan AA, Alnusaire TS, Fakhr MA, Abdulmajeed AM, Aldesuquy HS, Yahya M, Najeeb U (2023) Biochar and selenium nanoparticles induce water transporter genes for sustaining carbon assimilation and grain production in salt-stressed wheat. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 42, 1522-1543.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Song Y, Zhao Q, Guo X, Ali I, Li F, Lin S, Liu D (2022) Effects of biochar and organic-inorganic fertilizer on pomelo orchard soil properties, enzymes activities, and microbial community structure. Frontiers in Microbiology 13, 2886.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Srivastava V, Sarkar A, Singh S, Singh P, de Araujo ASF, Singh RP (2017) Agroecological responses of heavy metal pollution with special emphasis on soil health and plant performances. Frontiers in Environmental Science 5, 64.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Stewart CE, Zheng J, Botte J, Cotrufo MF (2013) Co-generated fast pyrolysis biochar mitigates green-house gas emissions and increases carbon sequestration in temperate soils. GCB Bioenergy 5, 153-164.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Su H, Hu Y, Wang L, Yu H, Li B, Liu J (2022) Source apportionment and geographic distribution of heavy metals and as in soils and vegetables using kriging interpolation and positive matrix factorization analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, 485.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Sun J, He F, Pan Y, Zhang Z (2016) Effects of pyrolysis temperature and residence time on physicochemical properties of different biochar types. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science 67, 12-22.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Sun H, Lu H, Chu L, Shao H, Shi W (2017) Biochar applied with appropriate rates can reduce N leaching, keep N retention and not increase NH₃ volatilization in a coastal saline soil. Science of the Total Environment 575, 820-825.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Sun Y, Qi S, Zheng F, Huang L, Pan J, Jiang Y, Hou W, Xiao L (2018) Organics removal, nitrogen removal and N₂O emission in subsurface wastewater infiltration systems amended with/without biochar and sludge. Bioresource Technology 249, 57-61.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Susilawati A, Maftuah E, Fahmi A (2020) The utilization of agricultural waste as biochar for optimizing swampland: a review. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 980, 012065.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Tammeorg P, Simojoki A, Mäkelä P, Stoddard FL, Alakukku L, Helenius J (2014) Short-term effects of biochar on soil properties and wheat yield formation with meat bone meal and inorganic fertiliser on a boreal loamy sand. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 191, 108-116.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Tang W, Cai N, Xie H, Liu Y, Wang Z, Liao Y, Wei T, Zhang C, Fu Z, Yin D (2020) Efficient adsorption removal of Cd²⁺ from aqueous solutions by HNO₃ modified bamboo-derived biochar. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 729, 012081.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Tang H, Wang S, Liu Y, Hassan MU, Song Y, Huang G, Hashem M, Alamri S, Mostafa YS (2022) Biochar: a promising soil amendment to mitigate heavy metals toxicity in plants. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 50, 12778.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Tangahu BV, Sheikh Abdullah SR, Basri H, Idris M, Anuar N, Mukhlisin M (2011) A review on heavy metals (As, Pb, and Hg) uptake by plants through phytoremediation. International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2011, 939161.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Taraqqi-A-kamal A, Atkinson CJ, Khan A, Zhang K, Sun P, Akther S, Zhang Y (2021) Biochar remediation of soil: linking biochar production with function in heavy metal contaminated soils. Plant, Soil and Environment 67, 183-201.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Tesfaye F, Liu X, Zheng J, Cheng K, Bian R, Zhang X, Li L, Drosos M, Joseph S, Pan G (2021) Could biochar amendment be a tool to improve soil availability and plant uptake of phosphorus? A meta-analysis of published experiments. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, 34108-34120.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Thengane SK, Kung KS, Gomez-Barea A, Ghoniem AF (2022) Advances in biomass torrefaction: Parameters, models, reactors, applications, deployment, and market. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 93, 101040.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Tian Y, Cui L, Lin Q, Li G, Zhao X (2019) The sewage sludge biochar at low pyrolysis temperature had better improvement in urban soil and turf grass. Agronomy 9, 156.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Tisserant A, Cherubini F (2019) Potentials, limitations, co-benefits, and trade-offs of biochar applications to soils for climate change mitigation. Land 8, 179.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Tomczyk A, Sokołowska Z, Boguta P (2020) Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology 19, 191-215.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Torabian S, Qin R, Noulas C, Lu Y, Wang G (2021) Biochar: an organic amendment to crops and an environmental solution. AIMS Agriculture and Food 6, 401-415.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Tripathi M, Sahu JN, Ganesan P (2016) Effect of process parameters on production of biochar from biomass waste through pyrolysis: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 55, 467-481.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Tu C, Wei J, Guan F, Liu Y, Sun Y, Luo Y (2020) Biochar and bacteria inoculated biochar enhanced Cd and Cu immobilization and enzymatic activity in a polluted soil. Environment International 137, 105576.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Tu P, Zhang G, Wei G, Li J, Li Y, Deng L, Yuan H (2022) Influence of pyrolysis temperature on the physicochemical properties of biochars obtained from herbaceous and woody plants. Bioresources and Bioprocessing 9, 131.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Tumuluru JS (2016) Effect of deep drying and torrefaction temperature on proximate, ultimate composition, and heating value of 2-mm Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta) Grind. Bioengineering 3, 16.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Tumuluru JS, Ghiasi B, Soelberg NR, Sokhansanj S (2021) Biomass torrefaction process, product properties, reactor types, and moving bed reactor design concepts. Frontiers in Energy Research 9, 728140.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Tytła M, Widziewicz K, Zielewicz E (2016) Heavy metals and its chemical speciation in sewage sludge at different stages of processing. Environmental Technology 37, 899-908.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Uddin MM, Zakeel MCM, Zavahir JS, Marikar FMMT, Jahan I (2021) Heavy metal accumulation in rice and aquatic plants used as human food: a general review. Toxics 9, 360.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Ullah S, Liang H, Ali I, Zhao Q, Iqbal A, Wei S, Shah T, Yan B, Jiang L (2020) Biochar coupled with contrasting nitrogen sources mediated changes in carbon and nitrogen pools, microbial and enzymatic activity in paddy soil. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 24, 835-849.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Uroić Štefanko A, Leszczynska D (2020) Impact of biomass source and pyrolysis parameters on physicochemical properties of biochar manufactured for innovative applications. Frontiers in Energy Research 8, 138.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Uzoma KC, Inoue M, Andry H, Fujimaki H, Zahoor A, Nishihara E (2011) Effect of cow manure biochar on maize productivity under sandy soil condition. Soil Use and Management 27, 205-212.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Vaccari FP, Maienza A, Miglietta F, Baronti S, Di Lonardo S, Giagnoni L, Lagomarsino A, Pozzi A, Pusceddu E, Ranieri R, Valboa G, Genesio L (2015) Biochar stimulates plant growth but not fruit yield of processing tomato in a fertile soil. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 207, 163-170.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Vasile GG, Tenea AG, Dinu C, Iordache AMM, Gheorghe S, Mureseanu M, Pascu LF (2021) Bioavailability, accumulation and distribution of toxic metals (As, Cd, Ni and Pb) and their impact on Sinapis alba plant nutrient metabolism. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, 12947.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Venegas A, Rigol A, Vidal M (2016) Changes in heavy metal extractability from contaminated soils remediated with organic waste or biochar. Geoderma 279, 132-140.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Veses A, Aznar M, López JM, Callén MS, Murillo R, García T (2015) Production of upgraded bio-oils by biomass catalytic pyrolysis in an auger reactor using low cost materials. Fuel 141, 17-22.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Wang X, Zhou W, Liang G, Song D, Zhang X (2015) Characteristics of maize biochar with different pyrolysis temperatures and its effects on organic carbon, nitrogen and enzymatic activities after addition to fluvo-aquic soil. Science of the Total Environment 538, 137-144.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Wang D, Fonte SJ, Parikh SJ, Six J, Scow KM (2017) Biochar additions can enhance soil structure and the physical stabilization of C in aggregates. Geoderma 303, 110-117.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Wang M, Zhu Y, Cheng L, Andserson B, Zhao X, Wang D, Ding A (2018a) Review on utilization of biochar for metal-contaminated soil and sediment remediation. Journal of Environmental Sciences 63, 156-173.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Wang S, Xu Y, Norbu N, Wang Z (2018b) Remediation of biochar on heavy metal polluted soils. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 108, 042113.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Wang L, Ok YS, Tsang DCW, Alessi DS, Rinklebe J, Wang H, Mašek O, Hou R, O’Connor D, Hou D (2020a) New trends in biochar pyrolysis and modification strategies: feedstock, pyrolysis conditions, sustainability concerns and implications for soil amendment. Soil Use and Management 36, 358-386.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Wang YM, Wang SW, Wang CQ, Zhang ZY, Zhang JQ, Meng M, Li M, Uchimiya M, Yuan XY (2020b) Simultaneous immobilization of soil Cd(II) and As(V) by Fe-modified biochar. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, 827.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Wang J, Yu D, Wang Y, Du X, Li G, Li B, Zhao Y, Wei Y, Xu S (2021a) Source analysis of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil irrigated with sewage in Wuqing, Tianjin. Scientific Reports 11, 17816.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Wang Z, Bao J, Wang T, Moryani HT, Kang W, Zheng J, Zhan C, Xiao W (2021b) Hazardous heavy metals accumulation and health risk assessment of different vegetable species in contaminated soils from a Typical Mining City, Central China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, 2617.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Wang YY, You LC, Lyu HH, Liu YX, He LL, Hu Y Di, Luo FC, Yang SM (2022a) Role of biochar–mineral composite amendment on the immobilization of heavy metals for Brassica chinensis from naturally contaminated soil. Environmental Technology & Innovation 28, 102622.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Wang C, Luo D, Zhang X, Huang R, Cao Y, Liu G, Zhang Y, Wang H (2022b) Biochar-based slow-release of fertilizers for sustainable agriculture: a mini review. Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 10, 100167.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Wang G, Ren Y, Bai X, Su Y, Han J (2022c) Contributions of beneficial microorganisms in soil remediation and quality improvement of medicinal plants. Plants 11, 3200.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Wang L, Ok YS, Tsang DCW, Alessi DS, Rinklebe J, Mašek O, Bolan NS, Hou D (2022d) Biochar composites: emerging trends, field successes and sustainability implications. Soil Use and Management 38, 14-38.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Waqas M, Shahzad R, Hamayun M, Asaf S, Khan AL, Kang SM, Yun S, Kim KM, Lee IJ (2018) Biochar amendment changes jasmonic acid levels in two rice varieties and alters their resistance to herbivory. PLoS ONE 13, e0191296.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Woldetsadik D, Drechsel P, Keraita B, Marschner B, Itanna F, Gebrekidan H (2016) Effects of biochar and alkaline amendments on cadmium immobilization, selected nutrient and cadmium concentrations of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in two contrasting soils. SpringerPlus 5, 397.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Woolf D, Amonette JE, Street-Perrott FA, Lehmann J, Joseph S (2010) Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change. Nature Communications 1, 56.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Wu C, Zhi D, Yao B, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Zhou Y (2022) Immobilization of microbes on biochar for water and soil remediation: a review. Environmental Research 212, 113226.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Wuana RA, Okieimen FE (2011) Heavy metals in contaminated soils: a review of sources, chemistry, risks and best available strategies for remediation. ISRN Ecology 2011, 402647.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Wystalska K, Kwarciak-Kozlowska A (2021) The effect of biodegradable waste pyrolysis temperatures on selected biochar properties. Materials 14, 1644.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Xiao B, Jia J, Wang W, Zhang B, Ming H, Ma S, Kang Y, Zhao M (2023) A review on magnetic biochar for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils: preparation, application, and microbial response. Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances 10, 100254.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Xie Y, Fan J, Zhu W, Amombo E, Lou Y, Chen L, Fu J (2016) Effect of heavy metals pollution on soil microbial diversity and bermudagrass genetic variation. Frontiers in Plant Science 7, 755.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Xie S, Yu G, Jiang R, Ma J, Shang X, Wang G, Wang Y, Yang Y, Li C (2021) Moderate sewage sludge biochar application on alkaline soil for corn growth: a field study. Biochar 3, 135-147.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Xu Y, Seshadri B, Sarkar B, Wang H, Rumpel C, Sparks D, Farrell M, Hall T, Yang X, Bolan N (2018) Biochar modulates heavy metal toxicity and improves microbial carbon use efficiency in soil. Science of The Total Environment 621, 148-159.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Xu W, Shafi M, Penttinen P, Hou S, Wang X, Ma J, Zhong B, Guo J, Xu M, Ye Z, Fu L, Huang Q, Liu D (2019) Bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soil as affected by different mass ratios of biochars. Environmental Technology 41, 3329-3337.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Xu X, Wu Y, Wu X, Sun Y, Huang Z, Li H, Wu Z, Zhang X, Qin X, Zhang Y, Deng J, Huang J (2022a) Effect of physicochemical properties of biochar from different feedstock on remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil in mining area. Surfaces and Interfaces 32, 102058.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Xu Z, Hu Y, Guo Z, Xiao X, Peng C, Zeng P (2022b) Optimizing pyrolysis temperature of contaminated rice straw biochar: heavy metal(loid) deportment, properties evolution, and Pb adsorption/immobilization. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 26, 101439.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Xu W, Xu H, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Gundale MJ, Zou X, Ruan H (2023) Global meta-analysis reveals positive effects of biochar on soil microbial diversity. Geoderma 436, 116528.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Yaashikaa PR, Kumar PS, Varjani S, Saravanan A (2020) A critical review on the biochar production techniques, characterization, stability and applications for circular bioeconomy. Biotechnology Reports 28, e00570.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Yadav R, Ramakrishna W (2023) Biochar as an environment-friendly alternative for multiple applications. Sustainability 15, 13421.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Yadav V, Khare P (2020) Impact of pyrolysis techniques on biochar characteristics: application to soil. In ‘Biochar applications in agriculture and environment management’ (Eds J Singh, C Singh) pp. 33–52. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-40997-5_2

Yan T, Xue J, Zhou Z, Wu Y (2021) Biochar-based fertilizer amendments improve the soil microbial community structure in a karst mountainous area. Science of The Total Environment 794, 148757.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Yan H, Cong M, Hu Y, Qiu C, Yang Z, Tang G, Xu W, Zhu X, Sun X, Jia H (2022a) Biochar-mediated changes in the microbial communities of rhizosphere soil alter the architecture of maize roots. Frontiers in Microbiology 13, 1023444.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Yan K, Wang H, Lan Z, Zhou J, Fu HZ, Wu L, Xu J (2022b) Heavy metal pollution in the soil of contaminated sites in China: Research status and pollution assessment over the past two decades. Journal of Cleaner Production 373, 133780.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Yang X, Zhang S, Ju M, Liu L (2019a) Preparation and Modification of Biochar Materials and their Application in Soil Remediation. Applied Sciences 9, 1365.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Yang X, Wan Y, Zheng Y, He F, Yu Z, Huang J, Wang H, Ok YS, Jiang Y, Gao B (2019b) Surface functional groups of carbon-based adsorbents and their roles in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions: a critical review. Chemical Engineering Journal 366, 608-621.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Yang F, Wang B, Shi Z, Li L, Li Y, Mao Z, Liao L, Zhang H, Wu Y (2021) Immobilization of heavy metals (Cd, Zn, and Pb) in different contaminated soils with swine manure biochar. Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability 33, 55-65.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Yao Y, Gao B, Inyang M, Zimmerman AR, Cao X, Pullammanappallil P, Yang L (2011) Biochar derived from anaerobically digested sugar beet tailings: characterization and phosphate removal potential. Bioresource Technology 102, 6273-6278.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Yin P, Liu X, Liao J, Hu X (2019) Effects of cadmium stress on microbial community diversity in soil potted with Sasa Argenteastriatus. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 300, 052051.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Yu H, Li J, Luan Y (2018) Meta-analysis of soil mercury accumulation by vegetables. Scientific Reports 8, 1261.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Yu Z, Xu X, Guo L, Jin R, Lu Y (2024) Uptake and transport of micro/nanoplastics in terrestrial plants: detection, mechanisms, and influencing factors. Science of the Total Environment 907, 168155.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Yuan P, Wang J, Pan Y, Shen B, Wu C (2019) Review of biochar for the management of contaminated soil: preparation, application and prospect. Science of The Total Environment 659, 473-490.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Yvonne AO, Sadiq GA, Maryam S (2022) Potential of biochar for clean-up of heavy metal contaminated soil and water. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 16, 146-154.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Zeba N, Berry TD, Panke-Buisse K, Whitman T (2022) Effects of physical, chemical, and biological ageing on the mineralization of pine wood biochar by a Streptomyces isolate. PLoS ONE 17, e0265663.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Zeeshan M, Ahmad W, Hussain F, Ahamd W, Numan M, Shah M, Ahmad I (2020) Phytostabalization of the heavy metals in the soil with biochar applications, the impact on chlorophyll, carotene, soil fertility and tomato crop yield. Journal of Cleaner Production 255, 120318.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Zhang J, Shen JL (2022) Effects of biochar on soil microbial diversity and community structure in clay soil. Annals of Microbiology 72, 35.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Zhang L, Sun X (2014) Changes in physical, chemical, and microbiological properties during the two-stage co-composting of green waste with spent mushroom compost and biochar. Bioresource Technology 171, 274-284.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Zhang P, Sun H, Min L, Ren C (2018) Biochars change the sorption and degradation of thiacloprid in soil: Insights into chemical and biological mechanisms. Environmental Pollution 236, 158-167.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Zhang G, Zhao Z, Zhu Y (2020) Changes in abiotic dissipation rates and bound fractions of antibiotics in biochar-amended soil. Journal of Cleaner Production 256, 120314.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Zhang M, Zhang L, Riaz M, Xia H, Jiang C (2021) Biochar amendment improved fruit quality and soil properties and microbial communities at different depths in citrus production. Journal of Cleaner Production 292, 126062.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Zhang Y, He M, Wang L, Yan J, Ma B, Zhu X, Ok YS, Mechtcherine V, Tsang DCW (2022a) Biochar as construction materials for achieving carbon neutrality. Biochar 4, 1-25.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Zhang P, Duan W, Peng H, Pan B, Xing B (2022b) Functional biochar and its balanced design. ACS Environmental Au 2, 115-127.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Zhang X, Zhao B, Liu H, Zhao Y, Li L (2022c) Effects of pyrolysis temperature on biochar’s characteristics and speciation and environmental risks of heavy metals in sewage sludge biochars. Environmental Technology & Innovation 26, 102288.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Zhang X, Wells M, Niazi NK, Bolan N, Shaheen S, Hou D, Gao B, Wang H, Rinklebe J, Wang Z (2022d) Nanobiochar-rhizosphere interactions: implications for the remediation of heavy-metal contaminated soils. Environmental Pollution 299, 118810.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Zhang P, Yang M, Lan J, Huang Y, Zhang J, Huang S, Yang Y, Ru J, Zhang P, Yang M, Lan J, Huang Y, Zhang J, Huang S, Yang Y, Ru J (2023a) Water quality degradation due to heavy metal contamination: health impacts and eco-friendly approaches for heavy metal remediation. Toxics 11, 828.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Zhang Q, Li J, Zhang S, Li Y, Wu N, Zhou X, Yin B, Zhang Y (2023b) Differentiate responses of soil nutrient levels and enzymatic activities to freeze-thawing cycles in different layers of moss-dominated biocrusts in a temperate desert. Frontiers in Plant Science 14, 1137754.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Zhao SX, Ta N, Wang XD (2017) Effect of temperature on the structural and physicochemical properties of biochar with apple tree branches as feedstock material. Energies 10, 1293.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Zhao B, O’Connor D, Zhang J, Peng T, Shen Z, Tsang DCW, Hou D (2018) Effect of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, and residence time on rapeseed stem derived biochar. Journal of Cleaner Production 174, 977-987.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Zhao R, Li J, Wu K, Kang L (2021a) Cultivated land use zoning based on soil function evaluation from the perspective of black soil protection. Land 10, 605.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Zhao X, Yang B, Li Y, Tang D, Xu K, Li D (2021b) Application of biochar in the remediation of contaminated soil with high concentration of lead and zinc. Advances in Civil Engineering 2021, 6630982.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Zheng X, Xu W, Dong J, Yang T, Shangguan Z, Qu J, Li X, Tan X (2022) The effects of biochar and its applications in the microbial remediation of contaminated soil: a review. Journal of Hazardous Materials 438, 129557.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Zhou H, Fang H, Zhang Q, Wang Q, Chen C, Mooney SJ, Peng X, Du Z (2019) Biochar enhances soil hydraulic function but not soil aggregation in a sandy loam. European Journal of Soil Science 70, 291-300.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Zhu X, Chen B, Zhu L, Xing B (2017) Effects and mechanisms of biochar-microbe interactions in soil improvement and pollution remediation: a review. Environmental Pollution 227, 98-115.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Zhu H, Gong L, Luo Y, Tang J, Ding Z, Li X (2022a) Effects of litter and root manipulations on soil bacterial and fungal community structure and function in a Schrenk’s spruce (Picea schrenkiana) Forest. Frontiers in Plant Science 13, 1087.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Zhu Y, Lv X, Song J, Li W, Wang H (2022b) Application of cotton straw biochar and compound Bacillus biofertilizer decrease the bioavailability of soil cd through impacting soil bacteria. BMC Microbiology 22, 35.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Zonayet M, Paul AK, Faisal-E-Alam M, Syfullah K, Castanho RA, Meyer D (2023) Impact of biochar as a soil conditioner to improve the soil properties of saline soil and productivity of tomato. Sustainability 15, 4832.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |

Zveushe OK, Ling Q, Li X, Sajid S, Dios VRd, Nabi F, Han Y, Dong F, Zeng F, Zhou L, Shen S, Zhang W, Li Z (2023) Reduction of Cd uptake in rice (Oryza sativa) grain using different field management practices in alkaline soils. Foods 12, 314.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |

Zwolak A, Sarzyńska M, Szpyrka E, Stawarczyk K (2019) Sources of soil pollution by heavy metals and their accumulation in vegetables: a review. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 230, 164.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |