Silver nanoparticles affect wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germination, seedling blight and yield
Ewelina Matras
A * , Anna Gorczyca A , Ewa Pociecha B , Sebastian Wojciech Przemieniecki C , Paulina Żeliszewska D and Magdalena Oćwieja D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicz Avenue 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
B Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
C Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 17, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
D Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
Functional Plant Biology 50(5) 390-406 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP22086
Submitted: 25 April 2022 Accepted: 28 February 2023 Published: 22 March 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of two types of negatively charged quasi-spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 mg L−1 and silver ions at a concentration of 30 mg L−1 on the growth, selected physiological aspects and yielding of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Tybalt, and on plant resistance to seedling blight. Seed germination, α-amylase activity in seeds, morphology and infestation of seedlings by pathogens were assessed in a hydroponic treatment. Growth rate, PSII efficiency, heading and yield of the same plants were then analysed in pot culture. Results showed that the AgNPs and silver ions had a negative effect on roots, but reduced seedling blight and improved leaf area compared to the control. In addition, the AgNPs reduced with sodium borohydride in the presence of trisodium citrate at concentrations of 10 and 20 mg L−1 stimulated germination, α-amylase activity and shoot length, which was not observed in the case of silver ions and the AgNPs reduced with sodium hypophosphite in the presence of sodium hexametaphosphate. In a pot experiment, the AgNPs improved plant growth, PSII efficiency, accelerated heading and increased yield-related parameters compared with the control. Results revealed the interaction strength in the following order: TCSB-AgNPs > SHSH-AgNPs > silver ions. TCSB-AgNPs in the lowest concentration had the most favourable effect, indicating their great potential for use in improving wheat cultivation.
Keywords: crop yield, efficiency of photosystem II, plant growth, plant resistance to seedling blight, seeds treatment, surface properties of silver nanoparticles, synthesis method, wheat cultivation.
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