Plants go to extreme lengths to promote outcrossing by creating pollen that cannot fertilise itself (self-incompatibility), spatially separating the male and female organs (herkogamy), and even having male-only and female-only plants (dioecy). In this review, we describe how herkogamy is achieved by changing the floral structure of the flower and cover the known genetic and molecular control of these changes. This will lay the foundations for future work in this area.
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